在爬取类似 起点 色魔张大妈 这样的网站时，会被网站看出是爬虫机制，这时需要伪装成浏览器以及使用IP代理的方式来爬去正常内容。
实例
import re
import requests
import urllib.request
from lxml import etree
url='https://www.qidian.com/rank/hotsales'
#浏览器伪装
# opener=urllib.request.build_opener()
#设置代理
proxy = {'http': '125.127.24.239:808'}
proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy)
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
opener.addheaders=[('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36')]
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
html=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')
# html=requests.get(url).text
# f = open('FC.html','w')
# f.write(str(html))
# f.close()
# print(html)
selector=etree.HTML(html)
info = selector.xpath('//div[@class="book-mid-info"]')
for each in info:
name=each.xpath('h4/a[@data-eid="qd_C40"]/text()')
author=each.xpath('p[@class="author"]/a[@class="name"]/text()')
target=each.xpath('p[@class="author"]/a[@data-eid="qd_C42"]/text()')
intro=each.xpath('p[@class="intro"]/text()')[0]
print(name)
print(author)
print(target)
print(intro+'\n')
爬虫浏览器伪装
#导入urllib.request模块
import urllib.request
#设置请求头
headers=("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0")
#创建一个opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener()
#将headers添加到opener中
opener.addheaders=[headers]
#将opener安装为全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打开网页
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')
设置代理
#定义代理ip
proxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808"
#设置代理
proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle({'http':proxy_addr})
#创建一个opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandle)
#将opener安装为全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打开网页
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')
同时设置用代理和模拟浏览器访问
#定义代理ip
proxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808"
#创建一个请求
req=urllib.request.Request(url)
#添加headers
req.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
#设置代理
proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle("http":proxy_addr)
#创建一个opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandle)
#将opener安装为全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打开网页
data=urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')
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