反爬虫机制

标签（空格分隔）： python scrapy

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scrapy 架构

useragent 用户代理切换

• fake-useragent

• 用户代理切换引用开源项目做处理

class RandomUserAgentMiddleware(object):
    # useragent代理切换
    def __init__(self,crawler):
        super(RandomUserAgentMiddleware,self).__init__
        self.ua = UserAgent()
        self.ua_type = crawler.settings.get('RANDOM_UA_TYPE','random')

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
        return cls(crawler)

    def process_request(self,request,spider):
        def get_ua_type():
            return  getattr(self.ua,self.ua_type)
        request.headers.serdefault('User-Agent',get_ua_type())

IP代理

request.meta['proxy'] = 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'bobby'
import requests
from scrapy.selector import Selector
import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="127.0.0.1", user="root", passwd="root", db="article_spider", charset="utf8")
cursor = conn.cursor()


def crawl_ips():
    #爬取西刺的免费ip代理
    headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
    for i in range(1568):
        re = requests.get("http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/{0}".format(i), headers=headers)

        selector = Selector(text=re.text)
        all_trs = selector.css("#ip_list tr")


        ip_list = []
        for tr in all_trs[1:]:
            speed_str = tr.css(".bar::attr(title)").extract()[0]
            if speed_str:
                speed = float(speed_str.split("秒")[0])
            all_texts = tr.css("td::text").extract()

            ip = all_texts[0]
            port = all_texts[1]
            proxy_type = all_texts[5]

            ip_list.append((ip, port, proxy_type, speed))

        for ip_info in ip_list:
            cursor.execute(
                "insert proxy_ip(ip, port, speed, proxy_type) VALUES('{0}', '{1}', {2}, 'HTTP')".format(
                    ip_info[0], ip_info[1], ip_info[3]
                )
            )

            conn.commit()


class GetIP(object):
    def delete_ip(self, ip):
        #从数据库中删除无效的ip
        delete_sql = """
            delete from proxy_ip where ip='{0}'
        """.format(ip)
        cursor.execute(delete_sql)
        conn.commit()
        return True

    def judge_ip(self, ip, port):
        #判断ip是否可用
        http_url = "http://www.baidu.com"
        proxy_url = "http://{0}:{1}".format(ip, port)
        try:
            proxy_dict = {
                "http":proxy_url,
            }
            response = requests.get(http_url, proxies=proxy_dict)
        except Exception as e:
            print ("invalid ip and port")
            self.delete_ip(ip)
            return False
        else:
            code = response.status_code
            if code >= 200 and code < 300:
                print ("effective ip")
                return True
            else:
                print  ("invalid ip and port")
                self.delete_ip(ip)
                return False


    def get_random_ip(self):
        #从数据库中随机获取一个可用的ip
        random_sql = """
              SELECT ip, port FROM proxy_ip
            ORDER BY RAND()
            LIMIT 1
            """
        result = cursor.execute(random_sql)
        for ip_info in cursor.fetchall():
            ip = ip_info[0]
            port = ip_info[1]

            judge_re = self.judge_ip(ip, port)
            if judge_re:
                return "http://{0}:{1}".format(ip, port)
            else:
                return self.get_random_ip()



# print (crawl_ips())
if __name__ == "__main__":
    get_ip = GetIP()
    get_ip.get_random_ip()

• 采用爬取西刺ip进行
• 采用官方scrapy-crawlera
• 采用tor+vpn

云打码

• 在线打码

import json
import requests

class YDMHttp(object):
    apiurl = 'http://api.yundama.com/api.php'
    username = ''
    password = ''
    appid = ''
    appkey = ''

    def __init__(self, username, password, appid, appkey):
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.appid = str(appid)
        self.appkey = appkey

    def balance(self):
        data = {'method': 'balance', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey}
        response_data = requests.post(self.apiurl, data=data)
        ret_data = json.loads(response_data.text)
        if ret_data["ret"] == 0:
            print ("获取剩余积分", ret_data["balance"])
            return ret_data["balance"]
        else:
            return None

    def login(self):
        data = {'method': 'login', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey}
        response_data = requests.post(self.apiurl, data=data)
        ret_data = json.loads(response_data.text)
        if ret_data["ret"] == 0:
            print ("登录成功", ret_data["uid"])
            return ret_data["uid"]
        else:
            return None

    def decode(self, filename, codetype, timeout):
        data = {'method': 'upload', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey, 'codetype': str(codetype), 'timeout': str(timeout)}
        files = {'file': open(filename, 'rb')}
        response_data = requests.post(self.apiurl, files=files, data=data)
        ret_data = json.loads(response_data.text)
        if ret_data["ret"] == 0:
            print ("识别成功", ret_data["text"])
            return ret_data["text"]
        else:
            return None

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 用户名
    username = 'da_ge_da1'
    # 密码
    password = 'da_ge_da'
    # 软件ＩＤ，开发者分成必要参数。登录开发者后台【我的软件】获得！
    appid = 3129
    # 软件密钥，开发者分成必要参数。登录开发者后台【我的软件】获得！
    appkey = '40d5ad41c047179fc797631e3b9c3025'
    # 图片文件
    filename = 'getimage.jpg'
    # 验证码类型，# 例：1004表示4位字母数字，不同类型收费不同。请准确填写，否则影响识别率。在此查询所有类型 http://www.yundama.com/price.html
    codetype = 1004
    # 超时时间，秒
    timeout = 60
    # 检查
    if (username == 'username'):
        print ('请设置好相关参数再测试')
    else:
        # 初始化
        yundama = YDMHttp(username, password, appid, appkey)

        # 登陆云打码
        uid = yundama.login();
        print ('uid: %s' % uid)

        # 查询余额
        balance = yundama.balance();
        print ('balance: %s' % balance)

        # 开始识别，图片路径，验证码类型ID，超时时间（秒），识别结果
        text = yundama.decode(filename, codetype, timeout);

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• 原视频UP主慕课网（聚焦Python分布式爬虫必学框架Scrapy 打造搜索引擎）
• 本篇博客撰写人: XiaoJinZi 个人主页 转载请注明出处
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