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DEPLOY_MYSQL5.7.18_CentOS7.3

DEPLOY_MYSQL5.7.18_CentOS7.3

作者: 明训 | 来源:发表于2019-01-27 21:01 被阅读0次

    描述了系统CentOS7.3下MYSQL5.7.18部署过程和注意事项

    依赖组件

    1. libaio
    2. net-tools
    3. numactl

    下载

    Mysql安装依赖libaio和net-tools组件，下载地址整理：

    1. mysql安装包
    2. libaio
    3. net-tools
    4. numactl

    官网下载MySQL安装包:https://dev.MySQL.com/downloads/file/?id=469456

    wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

    安装步骤

    环境检查

    CentOS7.X安装默认安装gnome版本时自带了mariadb，在安装时，需要检查mariadb是否存在，如果存在则需要移除mariadb

    [root@dev01 software]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
 mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 
[root@dev01 software]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 --nodeps

    执行移除命令

    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps `rpm -qa|grep mariadb`
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
[root@localhost ~]#

    关闭防火墙

    这一步骤非常重要，防火墙如果不关闭可能会导致开启mysql远程访问时，出现10060错误

    [root@localhost software]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@localhost software]# systemctl disable firewalld.service 
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost software]# firewall-cmd --state
not running
[root@localhost software]#

    关闭SELINUX

    [root@sis01 zkui2.0] setenforce 0

    编辑配置文件/etc/selinux/config

    [root@sis01 zkui2.0] vim /etc/selinux/config

    原始文件内容

    # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=enforcing
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

    调整后的文件内容

    # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

    或者执行命令

    [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

    安装依赖项

    [root@localhost software]# rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost software]# rpm -Uvh net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost software]# rpm -Uvh numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

    CentOS7.X支持软件包指下载不安装，使用--downloadonly --downloaddir=DLDIR两个参数即可实现
    [root@localhost mysql]# yum install net-tools --downloadonly --downloaddir=./net-tools

    解压mysql安装包

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /xxx/soft/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# cd /xxx/soft/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
mysql-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@localhost mysql]# 
[root@localhost mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    安装mysql安装包

    common–>libs–>client–>server的顺序。若不按照此顺序，也会有一定“依赖”关系的提醒。

    [root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost mysql]#

    依次执行（几个包有依赖关系，所以执行有先后）

    初始化数据库

    为了保证数据库目录为与文件的所有者为 mysql 登陆用户，如果你是以 root 身份运行 mysql 服务，需要执行下面的命令初始化

    [root@dev01 software] mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
    1. 如果是以 mysql 身份运行，则可以去掉 --user 选项。另外 --initialize 选项默认以“安全”模式来初始化，则会为 root 用户生成一个密码并将该密码标记为过期，
    2. 登陆后你需要设置一个新的密码，而使用 --initialize-insecure 命令则不使用安全模式，则不会为 root 用户生成一个密码。
    3. 这里演示使用的 --initialize 初始化的，会生成一个 root 账户密码，密码在log文件里
    [root@localhost mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-01-27T20:05:26.613885Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-01-27T20:05:29.752270Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-01-27T20:05:30.026009Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-01-27T20:05:30.103420Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e558679d-226e-11e9-9bd7-000c291cde07.
2019-01-27T20:05:30.104822Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-01-27T20:05:30.107221Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: N)ShYEmDI7ww

    此时的数据库密码即为：N)ShYEmDI7ww

    启动数据库

    [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.16

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

    修改用户密码

    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxx';
mysql> exit
Bye

    以前的 password()函数将会被抛弃，官方建议使用上面的命令来修改密码
    或者

    mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('xxx');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql>

    如果出现错误ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

    mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; //0最低，1中级，2最强验证级别

    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    Policy Tests Performed
    0 or LOW Length
    1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
    2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

    调整mysql配置文件

    修改my.cnf

    vim /etc/my.cnf

    在 [mysqld] 配置节下追加以下内容

    default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=10000
max_connect_errors=100000
wait_timeout=31536000
interactive-timeout=31536000
sql-mode="ALLOW_INVALID_DATES"
max_allowed_packet=16M
bind-address=0.0.0.0
default-time_zone = '+8:00'

    bind-address也可以绑定真实的ip地址

    增加mysql配置节

    [mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

    重启mysql服务

    方式一

    [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

    方式二

    [root@sis01 my.cnf.d]# service mysqld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  mysqld.service

    验证表名忽略大小写(MYSQL不区分表名大小写)

    忽略表名大小写主要是为了解决在Centos7 下mysql大小写敏感问题，会导致程序运行时找不到对应的表的问题，在linux下，mysql的表名区分大小写，而在windows下是不区分，从windows下导出的数据脚本中使用的是小写，而Hibernate生成的sql中表名是大写的，所以查不出数据，忽略大小写则需要改变配置项lower_case_table_names=1。

    mysql> show variables like "%case%";
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| lower_case_file_system | OFF   |
| lower_case_table_names | 0     |
+------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

    lower_case_table_names 是0 表示没有开启忽略表名大小写

    MYSQL在LINUX下数据库名、表名、列名、别名大小写规则如下
1.数据库名与表名是严格区分大小写的 
2.表的别名是严格区分大小写的 
3.列名与列的别名在所有的情况下均是忽略大小写的 
4.变量名也是严格区分大小写的

    如果已经开启了表明忽略大小写，则查询出来的结果应该如下所述

    mysql> show variables like "%case%";
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| lower_case_file_system | OFF   |
| lower_case_table_names | 1     |
+------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

    赋予远程访问

    mysql>  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxx' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

    查看用户设置，确认生效

    mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+-----------+
| host      | user      |
+-----------+-----------+
| %         | root      |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
| localhost | root      |
+-----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

    卸载步骤

    查看是否安装了MySQL

    [root@localhost soft]#  rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost soft]#

    查看MySQL服务是否启动

    [root@localhost soft]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-01-28 04:09:22 CST; 45min ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 18691 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 18669 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 18694 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─18694 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Jan 28 04:09:21 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jan 28 04:09:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@localhost soft]# service mysqld stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop  mysqld.service
[root@localhost soft]#

    卸载MySQL安装的组件

    [root@localhost soft]# rpm -ev mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
Preparing packages...
mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave
[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ev mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
Preparing packages...
mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ev mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
Preparing packages...
mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ev mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
Preparing packages...
mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost soft]#

    删除配置文件

    查找相关文件位置

    [root@localhost soft]# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/share/mysql
[root@localhost soft]# find / -name mysql
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/tmp/modules/100/mysql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
[root@localhost soft]#

    删除MySQL相关的文件

    [root@localhost soft]# rm -rf /usr/share/mysql/
[root@localhost soft]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/
[root@localhost soft]# rm -rf /var/log/mysqld.log    删除日志文件
[root@localhost soft]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave    删除备份的配置

    删除mysql用户及用户组

    [root@localhost soft]# more /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false
[root@localhost soft]# more /etc/shadow | grep mysql
mysql:!!:17923::::::
[root@localhost soft]# more /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:27:
[root@localhost soft]#
[root@localhost soft]# userdel mysql
[root@localhost soft]# groupdel mysql
groupdel: group 'mysql' does not exist
[root@localhost soft]#

    查看是否已经删除

    [root@localhost soft]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@localhost soft]# whereis mysql
mysql:[root@localhost soft]# find / -name mysql
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/tmp/modules/100/mysql
[root@localhost soft]# 
[root@localhost soft]# id mysql
id: mysql: no such user
[root@localhost soft]#

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