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PostgreSQL SQL commands

PostgreSQL SQL commands

作者: Jimmy_Will | 来源:发表于2018-08-23 09:49 被阅读0次

    PostgreSQL SQL commands

    ABORT

    Abort the current transaction.

    ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

    ALTER AGGREGATE

    Change the definition of an aggregate function.

    ALTER AGGREGATE name (type) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name (type) OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER CONVERSION

    Change the definition of a conversion.

    ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER DATABASE

    Change a database specific parameter.

    ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER DOMAIN

    Change the definition of a domain specific parameter.

    ALTER DOMAIN name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT}
ALTER DOMAIN name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name { RESTRICT | CASCADE }
ALTER DOMAIN name OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER FUNCTION

    Change the definition of a function.

    ALTER FUNCTION name ( [type [, ...] ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [type [, ...] ] ) OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER GROUP

    Change a user group.

    ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO new_name

    ALTER INDEX

    Change the definition of an index.

    ALTER INDEX name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE indexspace_name
ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name

    ALTER LANGUAGE

    Change the definition of a procedural language.

    ALTER LANGUAGE name RENAME TO new_name

    ALTER OPERATOR

    Change the definition of an operator.

    ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE }, {righttype | NONE } )
OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER OPERATOR CLASS

    Change the definition of an operator class.

    ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO new_name
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER SCHEMA

    Change the definition of a schema.

    ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER SEQUENCE

    Change the definition of a sequence generator.

    ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ]
[ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ RESTART [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE]

    ALTER TABLE

    Change the definition of a table.

    ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name

    Where action is one of the following lines -

    ADD [ COLUMN ] column_type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITHOUT OIDS
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name

    ALTER TABLESPACE

    Change the definition of a tablespace.

    ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER TRIGGER

    Change the definition of a trigger.

    ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO new_name

    ALTER TYPE

    Change the definition of a type.

    ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner

    ALTER USER

    Change a database user account.

    ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ]  option [ ... ] ]
ALTER USER name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER USER name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name RESET parameter

    Where option can be -

    [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| VALID UNTIL 'abstime'

    ANALYZE

    Collect statistics about a database.

    ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ]

    BEGIN

    Start a transaction block.

    BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]

    Where transaction_mode is one of −

    ISOLATION LEVEL {
   SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED
   | READ UNCOMMITTED
}
READ WRITE | READ ONLY

    CHECKPOINT

    Force a transaction log checkpoint.

    CHECKPOINT

    CLOSE

    Close a cursor.

    CLOSE name

    CLUSTER

    Cluster a table according to an index.

    CLUSTER index_name ON table_name
CLUSTER table_name
CLUSTER

    COMMENT

    Define or change the comment of an object.

    COMMENT ON {
   TABLE object_name |
   COLUMN table_name.column_name |
   AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type) |
   CAST (source_type AS target_type) |
   CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
   CONVERSION object_name |
   DATABASE object_name |
   DOMAIN object_name |
   FUNCTION func_name (arg1_type, arg2_type, ...) |
   INDEX object_name |
   LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
   OPERATOR op (left_operand_type, right_operand_type) |
   OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
   [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
   RULE rule_name ON table_name |
   SCHEMA object_name |
   SEQUENCE object_name |
   TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
   TYPE object_name |
   VIEW object_name
}
IS 'text'

    COMMIT

    Commit the current transaction.

    COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

    COPY

    Copy data between a file and a table.

    COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ]

    CREATE AGGREGATE

    Define a new aggregate function.

    CREATE AGGREGATE name (
   BASETYPE = input_data_type,
   SFUNC = sfunc,
   STYPE = state_data_type
   [, FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
   [, INITCOND = initial_condition ]
)

    CREATE CAST

    Define a new cast.

    CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type)
WITH FUNCTION func_name (arg_types)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]

    CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER

    Define a new constraint trigger.

    CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER events ON
table_name constraint attributes
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( args )

    CREATE CONVERSION

    Define a new conversion.

    CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM func_name

    CREATE DATABASE

    Create a new database.

    CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] ] [ OWNER [=] db_owner]
    [ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
    [ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
    [ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ]
]

    CREATE DOMAIN

    Define a new domain.

    CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]

    Where constraint is -

    [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) }

    CREATE FUNCTION

    Define a new function.

    CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION name ( [ [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] )
RETURNS ret_type
{ LANGUAGE lang_name
   | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
   | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
   | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
   | AS 'definition'
   | AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ]

    CREATE GROUP

    Define a new user group.

    CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
Where option can be:
SYSID gid
| USER username [, ...]

    CREATE INDEX

    Define a new index.

    CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [, ...] )
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ]

    CREATE LANGUAGE

    Define a new procedural language.

    CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR val_function ]

    CREATE OPERATOR

    Define a new operator.

    CREATE OPERATOR name (
   PROCEDURE = func_name
   [, LEFTARG = left_type ] [, RIGHTARG = right_type ]
   [, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
   [, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
   [, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
   [, SORT1 = left_sort_op ] [, SORT2 = right_sort_op ]
   [, LTCMP = less_than_op ] [, GTCMP = greater_than_op ]
)

    CREATE OPERATOR CLASS

    Define a new operator class.

    CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ] [ RECHECK ]
   | FUNCTION support_number func_name ( argument_type [, ...] )
   | STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ]

    CREATE RULE

    Define a new rewrite rule.

    CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) }

    CREATE SCHEMA

    Define a new schema.

    CREATE SCHEMA schema_name
[ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username
[ schema_element [ ... ] ]

    CREATE SEQUENCE

    Define a new sequence generator.

    CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name
[ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ]
[ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]

    CREATE TABLE

    Define a new table.

    CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] {
   TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( {
      column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
      | table_constraint
      | LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } DEFAULTS ]
   } [, ... ]
)
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]

    Where column_constraint is −

    [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] {
   NOT NULL |
   NULL |
   UNIQUE [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |
   PRIMARY KEY [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |
   CHECK (expression) |
   REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column ) ]
   [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
   [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ]
}
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]

    And table_constraint is −

    [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |
CHECK ( expression ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] )
REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]

    CREATE TABLE AS

    Define a new table from the results of a query.

    CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ] [ [ WITH | WITHOUT ] OIDS ]
AS query

    CREATE TABLESPACE

    Define a new tablespace.

    CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory'

    CREATE TRIGGER

    Define a new trigger.

    CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( arguments )

    CREATE TYPE

    Define a new data type.

    CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[, RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[, SEND = send_function ]
[, ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[, INTERNALLENGTH = { internal_length | VARIABLE } ]
[, PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[, ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[, STORAGE = storage ]
[, DEFAULT = default ]
[, ELEMENT = element ]
[, DELIMITER = delimiter ]
)

    CREATE USER

    Define a new database user account.

    CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ]  option [ ... ] ]

    Where option can be −

    SYSID uid
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| IN GROUP group_name [, ...]
| VALID UNTIL 'abs_time'

    CREATE VIEW

    Define a new view.

    CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS query

    DEALLOCATE

    Deallocate a prepared statement.

    DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] plan_name

    DECLARE

    Define a cursor.

    DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query
[ FOR { READ ONLY | UPDATE [ OF column [, ...] ] } ]

    DELETE

    Delete rows of a table.

    DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ WHERE condition ]

    DROP AGGREGATE

    Remove an aggregate function.

    DROP AGGREGATE name ( type ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP CAST

    Remove a cast.

    DROP CAST (source_type AS target_type) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP CONVERSION

    Remove a conversion.

    DROP CONVERSION name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP DATABASE

    Remove a database.

    DROP DATABASE name

    DROP DOMAIN

    Remove a domain.

    DROP DOMAIN name [, ...][ cascade | restrict ]

    DROP FUNCTION

    Remove a function.

    DROP FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP GROUP

    Remove a user group.

    DROP GROUP name

    DROP INDEX

    Remove an index.

    DROP INDEX name [, ...][ cascade | restrict ]

    DROP LANGUAGE

    Remove a procedural language.

    DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP OPERATOR

    Remove an operator.

    DROP OPERATOR name ( { left_type | NONE }, { right_type | NONE } )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP OPERATOR CLASS

    Remove an operator class.

    DROP OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP RULE

    Remove a rewrite rule.

    DROP RULE name ON relation [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP SCHEMA

    Remove a schema.

    DROP SCHEMA name [, ...][ cascade | restrict ]

    DROP SEQUENCE

    Remove a sequence.

    DROP SEQUENCE name [, ...][ cascade | restrict ]

    DROP TABLE

    Remove a table.

    DROP TABLE name [, ...][ cascade | restrict ]

    DROP TABLESPACE

    Remove a tablespace.

    DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name

    DROP TRIGGER

    Remove a trigger.

    DROP TRIGGER name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    DROP TYPE

    Remove a data type.

    DROP TYPE name [, ...][ cascade | restrict ]

    DROP USER

    Remove a database user account.

    DROP USER name

    DROP VIEW

    Remove a view.

    DROP VIEW name [, ...][ cascade | restrict ]

    END

    Commit the current transaction.

    END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

    EXECUTE

    Execute a prepared statement.

    EXECUTE plan_name [ (parameter [, ...] ) ]

    EXPLAIN

    Show the execution plan of a statement.

    EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement

    FETCH

    Retrieve rows from a query using a cursor.

    FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name

    Where direction can be empty or one of −

    NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL

    GRANT

    Define access privileges.

    GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | RULE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { { CREATE | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE db_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespace_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION func_name ([type, ...]) [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE lang_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schema_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION

    INSERT

    Create new rows in a table.

    INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | query}

    LISTEN

    Listen for a notification.

    LISTEN name

    LOAD

    Load or reload a shared library file.

    LOAD 'filename'

    LOCK

    Lock a table.

    LOCK [ TABLE ] name [, ...] [ IN lock_mode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]

    Where lock_mode is one of −

    ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE

    MOVE

    Position a cursor.

    MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name

    NOTIFY

    Generate a notification.

    NOTIFY name

    PREPARE

    Prepare a statement for execution.

    PREPARE plan_name [ (data_type [, ...] ) ] AS statement

    REINDEX

    Rebuild indexes.

    REINDEX { DATABASE | TABLE | INDEX } name [ FORCE ]

    RELEASE SAVEPOINT

    Destroy a previously defined savepoint.

    RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name

    RESET

    Restore the value of a runtime parameter to the default value.

    RESET name
RESET ALL

    REVOKE

    Remove access privileges.

    REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | RULE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE db_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespace_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION func_name ([type, ...]) [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE lang_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schema_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    ROLLBACK

    Abort the current transaction.

    ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

    ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT

    Roll back to a savepoint.

    ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name

    SAVEPOINT

    Define a new savepoint within the current transaction.

    SAVEPOINT savepoint_name

    SELECT

    Retrieve rows from a table or view.

    SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start ]
[ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ] Where from_item can be one of:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] )
[ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item
[ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]

    SELECT INTO

    Define a new table from the results of a query.

    SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start ]
[ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ]

    SET

    Change a runtime parameter.

    SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] name { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { time_zone | LOCAL | DEFAULT }

    SET CONSTRAINTS

    Set constraint checking modes for the current transaction.

    SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE }

    SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

    Set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session.

    SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION username
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

    SET TRANSACTION

    Set the characteristics of the current transaction.

    SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]

    Where transaction_mode is one of −

    ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED
| READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY

    SHOW

    Show the value of a runtime parameter.

    SHOW name
SHOW ALL

    START TRANSACTION

    Start a transaction block.

    START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]

    Where transaction_mode is one of −

    ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED
| READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY

    TRUNCATE

    Empty a table.

    TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] name

    UNLISTEN

    Stop listening for a notification.

    UNLISTEN { name | * }

    UPDATE

    Update rows of a table.

    UPDATE [ ONLY ] table SET column = { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...]
[ FROM from_list ]
[ WHERE condition ]

    VACUUM

    Garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database.

    VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ table ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ]

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