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LVM磁盘分区

LVM磁盘分区

作者: Fonzie | 来源:发表于2018-06-28 17:58 被阅读64次

参考：

初始化系统中缺少很多工具，安装常用工具
# yum install lrzsz wget rsync bash-completion lsof  -y
使用fdisk查看系统中的磁盘:
# fdisk  -l

Disk /dev/vda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008d73a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048   209713151   104855552   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/vdc: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/vdd: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/vde: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

可见系统中有4块磁盘，除了vda磁盘是已经被分区过了，并且在使用的，下面的3块磁盘都没有被使用。

使用：fdisk进行分区
# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5c468389.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): 
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p  

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5c468389

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

第一块磁盘分区完成上面大概做了如下操作：

  • n: 添加一个新的分区
  • 新建分区为主分区
  • 分区数字选择，默认为1
  • 分区的开始位置默认2048
  • 分区的结束位置默认209715199
  • 改变磁盘类型
  • 磁盘类型为8e，可以用L来查看所有类型
  • 打印分区
  • 保存退出
  • 重复上面的操作，把剩余的磁盘也分区分好

注意：上面的分区开始位置和结束位置可能会随着磁盘的时候或者大小发生改变。

分区完成后，查看结果
# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008d73a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048   209713151   104855552   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5c468389

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/vdc: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd19fe474

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdc1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/vdd: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x40e912d5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdd1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/vde: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfae06c8a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vde1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM
准备创建物理卷(PV)

这些磁盘我们将创建pv

# fdisk  -l| egrep "^\/dev/"|egrep -v "\*"
/dev/vdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/vdc1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/vdd1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/vde1            2048   209715199   104856576   8e  Linux LVM

创建物理卷

# pvcreate /dev/vdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
# pvcreate /dev/vdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/vdc1" successfully created.
# pvcreate /dev/vdd1
  Physical volume "/dev/vdd1" successfully created.
# pvcreate /dev/vde1
  Physical volume "/dev/vde1" successfully created.

查看创建好的物理卷

# pvdisplay 
  "/dev/vdd1" is a new physical volume of "<100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdd1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               dKYp1o-F692-zd10-SdOV-frmI-fzY5-euvCHD
   
  "/dev/vdb1" is a new physical volume of "<100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               UmQZj3-lGiw-Zhdg-jmT8-M04t-Nxjf-faPqM3
   
  "/dev/vdc1" is a new physical volume of "<100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdc1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               FI9pHH-j1mv-JlpB-lyTv-MEPT-u21H-128UA0
   
  "/dev/vde1" is a new physical volume of "<100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vde1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               AD3EPJ-SxHB-OhKj-PcDh-LRSM-vohq-NuufR0
创建卷组(VG)

创建卷组

# vgcreate kafka-group /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdc1
/dev/vdd1
  Volume group "kafka-group" successfully created

查看卷组

# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               kafka-group
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               <299.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76797
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       76797 / <299.99 GiB
  VG UUID               HnNB8T-pB8H-ZWp6-n16u-dJy2-zMyT-Sa44Tq
创建逻辑卷(LV)
# lvcreate -L 299G -n kafka kafka-group
  Logical volume "kafka" created.

或者

# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n kafka kafka-group

查看创建好的逻辑卷

# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/kafka-group/kafka
  LV Name                kafka
  VG Name                kafka-group
  LV UUID                odyAAU-g27o-zyjf-Vjcb-OX1y-SXlL-e9oJR2
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time message-queue-1, 2018-06-28 16:37:13 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                299.00 GiB
  Current LE             76544
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           252:0

格式化成ext4格式

# mkfs.ext4  /dev/kafka-group/kafka
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
19595264 inodes, 78381056 blocks
3919052 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2227175424
2392 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

创建挂载点

# mkdir /opt/data/kafka -p

挂载分区

# mount /dev/kafka-group/kafka /opt/data/kafka/
修改fstab，持久挂载

查看UUID

# blkid

# vim /etc/fstab

UUID=eb448abb-3012-4d8d-bcde-94434d586a31 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=43640b3b-1cdd-4674-a68c-1c583653b215 /opt/data/kafka ext4 defaults,nodelalloc,noatime 0 2

验证fstab的可用性

# mount -a

查看挂载结果

# mount -t ext4
/dev/vda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
/dev/mapper/kafka--group-kafka on /opt/data/kafka type ext4 (rw,noatime,nodelalloc,data=ordered)

# df -h
Filesystem                      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1                        99G  2.0G   92G   3% /
devtmpfs                        7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                           7.8G  412K  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/kafka--group-kafka  295G   65M  280G   1% /opt/data/kafka
扩展一个卷组
# vgdisplay kafka-group 

  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               kafka-group
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               199.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              51198
  Alloc PE / Size       50944 / 199.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       254 / 1016.00 MiB
  VG UUID               txBEa9-Drl0-K7hR-veLV-U04n-NfxH-P4QeR0

查看还有那些物理卷可用

# pvdisplay

  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdb1
  VG Name               kafka-group
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25599
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          25599
  PV UUID               2ZfCOY-kjfz-ax8S-Qgoi-4UZi-RM1n-F9FTMs
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdc1
  VG Name               kafka-group
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25599
  Free PE               254
  Allocated PE          25345
  PV UUID               OIS11c-5UWP-oY5l-r9Gq-Y5XP-hhzX-LyUSqZ
   
  "/dev/vdd1" is a new physical volume of "<100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdd1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               SDVrTr-pfY0-dtHB-p5nc-6ndf-2drK-7GrNw5
   
  "/dev/vde1" is a new physical volume of "<100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vde1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0

查看分区现有大小

# df -h

Filesystem                      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1                        99G  1.7G   92G   2% /
devtmpfs                        7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                           7.8G  412K  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/kafka--group-kafka  196G   61M  186G   1% /opt/data/kafka
  • 目前大小为196G

扩展指定卷组

# vgextend kafka-group /dev/vdd1

Volume group "kafka-group" successfully extended

验证扩展卷组成功

# vgdisplay

  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               kafka-group
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               <299.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76797
  Alloc PE / Size       50944 / 199.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       25853 / <100.99 GiB
  VG UUID               txBEa9-Drl0-K7hR-veLV-U04n-NfxH-P4QeR0
扩展逻辑卷大小

先卸载之前的挂载

# umount  /opt/data/kafka/

如果提示设备忙，可以尝试加-f参数，慎用

扩展大小为299G

# lvresize -L 299G /dev/kafka-group/kafka

  Size of logical volume kafka-group/kafka changed from 199.00 GiB (50944 extents) to 299.00 GiB (76544 extents).
  Logical volume kafka-group/kafka successfully resized.

检查磁盘错误

# e2fsck -f /dev/kafka-group/kafka

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/kafka-group/kafka: 11/13041664 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 866812/52166656 blocks

更新ext4信息

# resize2fs /dev/kafka-group/kafka

resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/kafka-group/kafka' first.

查看逻辑卷大小

# lvdisplay 

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/kafka-group/kafka
  LV Name                kafka
  VG Name                kafka-group
  LV UUID                N2V1wJ-d0B6-xU8g-PbXe-JcsC-AVlh-1HTmj5
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time message-queue-2, 2018-06-28 17:17:24 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                299.00 GiB
  Current LE             76544
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           252:0

查看扩展后的大小

# df -h

Filesystem                      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1                        99G  1.7G   92G   2% /
devtmpfs                        7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                           7.8G  388K  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/kafka--group-kafka  295G   64M  280G   1% /opt/data/kafka

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