八大功能段
八大功能段一：现象 / 问题描述功能段
1. In recent years, …is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.
中文：近年来，…越来越流行。（现象描述功能句）
套用练习：
In recent years, Internet is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.
2. …. has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspect of our everyday life.
中文：当今，…得到了大家的广泛关注，并可以在…被发现.（现象描述功能句）
套用练习：
Over package has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspect of our everyday life.
3. Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problem is …
中文：随着社会的发展，越来越多的问题已经得到关注，其中最严重的是…（问题描述功能句）
套用练习：
Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problem is the shortage of global water.
4. It is generally agreed that the …has been playing an increasingly important role in our life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has triggered some enormous problems as well．One of the serious troubles facing us at present is…（问题描述功能句）
中文：人们一致认为，…已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。目前，我们面临的严重问题之一是…。
套用练习：
It is generally agreed that the plastic bags has been playing an increasingly important role in our life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has triggered some enormous problems as well．One of the serious troubles facing us at present is that the use of plastic bags leads to environmental problems.
八大功能段二：分析原因功能段
1. 总原因的阐述（三选一）
（1） A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
（2） A number of factors might contribute to/account for the phenomenon/problem.
（3） The answer to this problem involves many factors.
中文：许多原因导致这个问题、现象。
2. 分析原因功能句（由具体原因数量决定）
（1） One of the most common factor is …
（2） Another contributing cause is…
（3） Perhaps the primary reason is …
（4） But the fundamental element is …
中文：第一个原因是..; 第二个原因是…; 第三个原因是…；最后一个原因是…
八大功能段三：解决问题功能段（总-分-总）
1. 措施主题句（三个句子选择之一进行背诵）
（1） In view of the seriousness of the problem of… , effective measures should be taken.
中文：面对这个问题的严重性，我们一定要采取措施解决。
（2） Confronted with… ，we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
中文：面对…问题，我们需要采取一系列的措施加以解决。
（3） We should solve the problems that we are confronted with．
中文：我们应该采取措施来解决我们正在面临的问题。
套用练习：
In view of the seriousness of the problem of traffic jam, effective measures should be taken.
2. 分措施
First and foremost, government should establish some regulations to… What’s more, people should get ready to… After all, it is necessary to advocate the whole society to…
中文：首先，政府需要建立规则…,老百姓需要做…,整个社会需要做…
3. 解决问题总结句（三个句子选择一个背诵即可）
（1）In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
中文：总之，如果我们继续忽略上述问题，会有更多问题出现。
（2）With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
中文：在大家的共同努力之前，问题一定会被解决。
（3）All in all, we must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by it, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.
中文：总之，我们一定要警惕它给我们带来更多的问题，因为这个负面影响积聚到一定的程度，它一定会威胁我们社会的发展。
八大功能段之四：观点阐述功能句（总-分-总）
1. 观点主旨句（三个功能句选择之一）
（1） People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards ...
（2） People have different opinions on this problem.
（3） People take different views on the question.
中文：不同的人有不同的观点。
套用练习：
People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards the cancelation of Spring Festival Gala.
2. 观点1
According to a survey, some people are in favor of the idea of doing …. They point out the fact that （+支持…的第一个原因） they also argue that… （+支持…的另一个原因）
中文：根据调查，一些人支持…,他们认为…,他们还认为…
3. 两个观点之间的衔接句
（1） There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
中文：上述阐述有很多正确性，但是他们忽略了一个重要的事实。
（2） A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
中文：最近的调查会显示出这个观点有多么的荒谬。
4. 观点2
（1） Other people who stand on a different ground consider that… . They firmly point out that… （+反对x的第一个理由。）
（2） An example can give the details of this argument:例子
中文：然而，其他的人有相反的观点，他们认为…
八大功能段之五：观点结论功能段
（选择之一背诵）
1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…
中文：综上所述，我们可以得出下面的结论。
2. It is difficult to say whether… is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…. However, from a personal point of view.
中文：我们很难说…是好还是坏，因为它取决于…。然而，在我看来。
套用练习：
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that college students should have the awareness of cultivating stand-alone capability.
八大功能段之六：展望未来功能段
（选择之一背诵）
1. ….is crucial for every individual. With its seemingly magic power, it can not only…, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to …
中文：…对每个人来说都是重要的，有了它的神奇力量，它不仅…还可以…
2. It can directly promote the rapid progress of the organization and indirectly spurs continuous development of the individuals. And eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony.
中文：它可以直接促进… 还可以带来…
八大功能段之七：漫画描述功能段
1. According to the figure/ number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph, it can be seen that…
2. As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture, …
中文：如图所示…
八大功能段之八：引语解释功能段
1. There is an old saying____. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
中文：古话说：“…”，但是现今仍然是准确的。
套用练习：
There is an old saying “It’s unwise to judge a person by the appearance.”. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
作文类型及相应段落
一、漫画、图表、引语类作文
第一段：描述图表/漫画/引语含义
（漫画、图表、引语描述功能句）
第二段：分析原因/观点阐述
（分析原因/观点阐述功能句）
第三段：展望未来/解决问题
（展望未来/解决问题功能句）
二、现象解释类作文
第一段：描述现象，引出话题
（现象描述功能句）
第二段：阐述正反观点
（观点描述功能句：总+分+总）
第三段：总结观点
（观点总结功能句）
三、问题解决类作文
第一段：问题描述
（问题描述功能句）
第二段：解决问题的原因
（分析原因功能句）
第三段：解决问题的措施
（解决问题功能）
四、对比观点类作文
第一段：正方观点+理由
（观点阐述功能句）
第二段：反方观点+理由
（观点阐述功能句）
第三段：我的观点
(观点总结功能句)
五、应用文
（求职信、辞职信、建议信等）
1．写作目的
2．写信内容
（注意格式八大功能段
八大功能段一：现象 / 问题描述功能段
1. In recent years, …is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.
中文：近年来，…越来越流行。（现象描述功能句）
套用练习：
In recent years, Internet is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.
2. …. has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspect of our everyday life.
中文：当今，…得到了大家的广泛关注，并可以在…被发现.（现象描述功能句）
套用练习：
Over package has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspect of our everyday life.
3. Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problem is …
中文：随着社会的发展，越来越多的问题已经得到关注，其中最严重的是…（问题描述功能句）
套用练习：
Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problem is the shortage of global water.
4. It is generally agreed that the …has been playing an increasingly important role in our life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has triggered some enormous problems as well．One of the serious troubles facing us at present is…（问题描述功能句）
中文：人们一致认为，…已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。目前，我们面临的严重问题之一是…。
套用练习：
It is generally agreed that the plastic bags has been playing an increasingly important role in our life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has triggered some enormous problems as well．One of the serious troubles facing us at present is that the use of plastic bags leads to environmental problems.
八大功能段二：分析原因功能段
1. 总原因的阐述（三选一）
（1） A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
（2） A number of factors might contribute to/account for the phenomenon/problem.
（3） The answer to this problem involves many factors.
中文：许多原因导致这个问题、现象。
2. 分析原因功能句（由具体原因数量决定）
（1） One of the most common factor is …
（2） Another contributing cause is…
（3） Perhaps the primary reason is …
（4） But the fundamental element is …
中文：第一个原因是..; 第二个原因是…; 第三个原因是…；最后一个原因是…
八大功能段三：解决问题功能段（总-分-总）
1. 措施主题句（三个句子选择之一进行背诵）
（1） In view of the seriousness of the problem of… , effective measures should be taken.
中文：面对这个问题的严重性，我们一定要采取措施解决。
（2） Confronted with… ，we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
中文：面对…问题，我们需要采取一系列的措施加以解决。
（3） We should solve the problems that we are confronted with．
中文：我们应该采取措施来解决我们正在面临的问题。
套用练习：
In view of the seriousness of the problem of traffic jam, effective measures should be taken.
2. 分措施
First and foremost, government should establish some regulations to… What’s more, people should get ready to… After all, it is necessary to advocate the whole society to…
中文：首先，政府需要建立规则…,老百姓需要做…,整个社会需要做…
3. 解决问题总结句（三个句子选择一个背诵即可）
（1）In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
中文：总之，如果我们继续忽略上述问题，会有更多问题出现。
（2）With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
中文：在大家的共同努力之前，问题一定会被解决。
（3）All in all, we must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by it, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.
中文：总之，我们一定要警惕它给我们带来更多的问题，因为这个负面影响积聚到一定的程度，它一定会威胁我们社会的发展。
八大功能段之四：观点阐述功能句（总-分-总）
1. 观点主旨句（三个功能句选择之一）
（1） People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards ...
（2） People have different opinions on this problem.
（3） People take different views on the question.
中文：不同的人有不同的观点。
套用练习：
People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards the cancelation of Spring Festival Gala.
2. 观点1
According to a survey, some people are in favor of the idea of doing …. They point out the fact that （+支持…的第一个原因） they also argue that… （+支持…的另一个原因）
中文：根据调查，一些人支持…,他们认为…,他们还认为…
3. 两个观点之间的衔接句
（1） There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
中文：上述阐述有很多正确性，但是他们忽略了一个重要的事实。
（2） A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
中文：最近的调查会显示出这个观点有多么的荒谬。
4. 观点2
（1） Other people who stand on a different ground consider that… . They firmly point out that… （+反对x的第一个理由。）
（2） An example can give the details of this argument:例子
中文：然而，其他的人有相反的观点，他们认为…
八大功能段之五：观点结论功能段
（选择之一背诵）
1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…
中文：综上所述，我们可以得出下面的结论。
2. It is difficult to say whether… is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…. However, from a personal point of view.
中文：我们很难说…是好还是坏，因为它取决于…。然而，在我看来。
套用练习：
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that college students should have the awareness of cultivating stand-alone capability.
八大功能段之六：展望未来功能段
（选择之一背诵）
1. ….is crucial for every individual. With its seemingly magic power, it can not only…, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to …
中文：…对每个人来说都是重要的，有了它的神奇力量，它不仅…还可以…
2. It can directly promote the rapid progress of the organization and indirectly spurs continuous development of the individuals. And eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony.
中文：它可以直接促进… 还可以带来…
八大功能段之七：漫画描述功能段
1. According to the figure/ number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph, it can be seen that…
2. As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture, …
中文：如图所示…
八大功能段之八：引语解释功能段
1. There is an old saying____. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
中文：古话说：“…”，但是现今仍然是准确的。
套用练习：
There is an old saying “It’s unwise to judge a person by the appearance.”. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
作文类型及相应段落
一、漫画、图表、引语类作文
第一段：描述图表/漫画/引语含义
（漫画、图表、引语描述功能句）
第二段：分析原因/观点阐述
（分析原因/观点阐述功能句）
第三段：展望未来/解决问题
（展望未来/解决问题功能句）
二、现象解释类作文
第一段：描述现象，引出话题
（现象描述功能句）
第二段：阐述正反观点
（观点描述功能句：总+分+总）
第三段：总结观点
（观点总结功能句）
三、问题解决类作文
第一段：问题描述
（问题描述功能句）
第二段：解决问题的原因
（分析原因功能句）
第三段：解决问题的措施
（解决问题功能）
四、对比观点类作文
第一段：正方观点+理由
（观点阐述功能句）
第二段：反方观点+理由
（观点阐述功能句）
第三段：我的观点
(观点总结功能句)
五、应用文
（求职信、辞职信、建议信等）
1．写作目的
2．写信内容
（注意格式八大功能段
八大功能段一：现象 / 问题描述功能段
1. In recent years, …is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.
中文：近年来，…越来越流行。（现象描述功能句）
套用练习：
In recent years, Internet is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.
2. …. has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspect of our everyday life.
中文：当今，…得到了大家的广泛关注，并可以在…被发现.（现象描述功能句）
套用练习：
Over package has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspect of our everyday life.
3. Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problem is …
中文：随着社会的发展，越来越多的问题已经得到关注，其中最严重的是…（问题描述功能句）
套用练习：
Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problem is the shortage of global water.
4. It is generally agreed that the …has been playing an increasingly important role in our life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has triggered some enormous problems as well．One of the serious troubles facing us at present is…（问题描述功能句）
中文：人们一致认为，…已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。目前，我们面临的严重问题之一是…。
套用练习：
It is generally agreed that the plastic bags has been playing an increasingly important role in our life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has triggered some enormous problems as well．One of the serious troubles facing us at present is that the use of plastic bags leads to environmental problems.
八大功能段二：分析原因功能段
1. 总原因的阐述（三选一）
（1） A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
（2） A number of factors might contribute to/account for the phenomenon/problem.
（3） The answer to this problem involves many factors.
中文：许多原因导致这个问题、现象。
2. 分析原因功能句（由具体原因数量决定）
（1） One of the most common factor is …
（2） Another contributing cause is…
（3） Perhaps the primary reason is …
（4） But the fundamental element is …
中文：第一个原因是..; 第二个原因是…; 第三个原因是…；最后一个原因是…
八大功能段三：解决问题功能段（总-分-总）
1. 措施主题句（三个句子选择之一进行背诵）
（1） In view of the seriousness of the problem of… , effective measures should be taken.
中文：面对这个问题的严重性，我们一定要采取措施解决。
（2） Confronted with… ，we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
中文：面对…问题，我们需要采取一系列的措施加以解决。
（3） We should solve the problems that we are confronted with．
中文：我们应该采取措施来解决我们正在面临的问题。
套用练习：
In view of the seriousness of the problem of traffic jam, effective measures should be taken.
2. 分措施
First and foremost, government should establish some regulations to… What’s more, people should get ready to… After all, it is necessary to advocate the whole society to…
中文：首先，政府需要建立规则…,老百姓需要做…,整个社会需要做…
3. 解决问题总结句（三个句子选择一个背诵即可）
（1）In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
中文：总之，如果我们继续忽略上述问题，会有更多问题出现。
（2）With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
中文：在大家的共同努力之前，问题一定会被解决。
（3）All in all, we must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by it, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.
中文：总之，我们一定要警惕它给我们带来更多的问题，因为这个负面影响积聚到一定的程度，它一定会威胁我们社会的发展。
八大功能段之四：观点阐述功能句（总-分-总）
1. 观点主旨句（三个功能句选择之一）
（1） People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards ...
（2） People have different opinions on this problem.
（3） People take different views on the question.
中文：不同的人有不同的观点。
套用练习：
People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards the cancelation of Spring Festival Gala.
2. 观点1
According to a survey, some people are in favor of the idea of doing …. They point out the fact that （+支持…的第一个原因） they also argue that… （+支持…的另一个原因）
中文：根据调查，一些人支持…,他们认为…,他们还认为…
3. 两个观点之间的衔接句
（1） There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
中文：上述阐述有很多正确性，但是他们忽略了一个重要的事实。
（2） A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
中文：最近的调查会显示出这个观点有多么的荒谬。
4. 观点2
（1） Other people who stand on a different ground consider that… . They firmly point out that… （+反对x的第一个理由。）
（2） An example can give the details of this argument:例子
中文：然而，其他的人有相反的观点，他们认为…
八大功能段之五：观点结论功能段
（选择之一背诵）
1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…
中文：综上所述，我们可以得出下面的结论。
2. It is difficult to say whether… is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…. However, from a personal point of view.
中文：我们很难说…是好还是坏，因为它取决于…。然而，在我看来。
套用练习：
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that college students should have the awareness of cultivating stand-alone capability.
八大功能段之六：展望未来功能段
（选择之一背诵）
1. ….is crucial for every individual. With its seemingly magic power, it can not only…, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to …
中文：…对每个人来说都是重要的，有了它的神奇力量，它不仅…还可以…
2. It can directly promote the rapid progress of the organization and indirectly spurs continuous development of the individuals. And eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony.
中文：它可以直接促进… 还可以带来…
八大功能段之七：漫画描述功能段
1. According to the figure/ number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph, it can be seen that…
2. As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture, …
中文：如图所示…
八大功能段之八：引语解释功能段
1. There is an old saying____. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
中文：古话说：“…”，但是现今仍然是准确的。
套用练习：
There is an old saying “It’s unwise to judge a person by the appearance.”. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
作文类型及相应段落
一、漫画、图表、引语类作文
第一段：描述图表/漫画/引语含义
（漫画、图表、引语描述功能句）
第二段：分析原因/观点阐述
（分析原因/观点阐述功能句）
第三段：展望未来/解决问题
（展望未来/解决问题功能句）
二、现象解释类作文
第一段：描述现象，引出话题
（现象描述功能句）
第二段：阐述正反观点
（观点描述功能句：总+分+总）
第三段：总结观点
（观点总结功能句）
三、问题解决类作文
第一段：问题描述
（问题描述功能句）
第二段：解决问题的原因
（分析原因功能句）
第三段：解决问题的措施
（解决问题功能）
四、对比观点类作文
第一段：正方观点+理由
（观点阐述功能句）
第二段：反方观点+理由
（观点阐述功能句）
第三段：我的观点
(观点总结功能句)
五、应用文
（求职信、辞职信、建议信等）
1．写作目的
2．写信内容
（注意格式
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