Django 入门教程笔记（三）

常用模版标签

• 标签

# if, ifequal, ifnotequal, for(forloop), 
# cycle
{% for o in some_list %}
    <tr class="{% cycle 'row1' 'row2' %}">
        ...
    </tr>
{% endfor %}
# {# #} comment, csrf_token, debug, filter, autoescape, firstof, load
# now, lorem, spaceless, url, verbatim, with ...
# 更详尽内容查看官方文档

• 过滤器

{{ value | lower }}
# upper, add, cut, date, default, default_if_none, escape, dictsort
# join, length, safe, slice, title, urlencode, truncatechars, striptags

模版包含和继承

{% include 'sub.html' with val='val' %}
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block name %} ... {% endblock %}
{{ block.super }}

admin 配置

# 注册
admin.site.register()
# 扩展模型：
@admin.register(Publisher)
class PublisherAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','city')
    search_fields
    list_filter
    list_editable
    ordering
    fields/exclude
    fieldsets

Form 使用

• django.forms.ModelForm

# forms.py
from django import forms
class PublisherForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Publisher
        fields = '__all__'
# 
publisher_form = PublisherForm()
{% publisher_form.as_p %}
publisher_form = PublisherForm(request.POST)
#
publisher_form.is_valid()
    publisher_form.save()

• django.forms.Form

from django import forms
class PublisherForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(label, error_messages={'required':'请输入'})
    ...
# 
publisher_form = PublisherForm()
{% publisher_form.as_p %}
publisher_form = PublisherForm(request.POST)
#
publisher_form.is_valid()
name = publisher_form.cleaned_data['name']
...

Form 自定义验证

• validator （适用于多个Form 使用同一个自定义的验证逻辑）

# forms.py
#
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
# 
def validate_even(value):
    if value % 2 != 0:
        raise ValidationError(
            _('%(value)s is not an even number'),
            params={'value': value},
        )
#     raise ValidationError('message')
#     except Publisher.DoesNotExist
#
# models.py
#
from django.db import models
# 
class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    even_field = forms.IntegerField(validators=[validate_even])

• clean_<fieldname> 验证某个字段

# forms.py 中的 ModelForm 中定义函数
class PublisherForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def clean_name(self):
        value = self.cleaned_data.get('name')
        ... // 验证逻辑
    return value

• clean 对整个表单进行验证

# forms.py 中的 ModelForm 中定义函数
class PublisherForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = super(PublisherForm, self).clean()
        value = cleanen_data.get('name')
        # 官方例子直接 raise ValidationError
        sefl._errors['name'] = self.error_class(['message']) 
        ...
        return cleaned_data // 官文例子并不需要返回数据