网络检查：
ping www.163.com #使用PING命令检查外网链接情况
查看当前网络运行环境
netstat -nr #打印当前路由表
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
0.0.0.0 10.75.119.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 enp134s0f0
10.75.116.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 U 0 0 0 enp134s0f0
12.12.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ib0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eno1
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp134s0f0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 ib0
172.16.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eno1
172.16.20.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eno1
ifconfig #显示当前内核网络接口的工作状态
eno1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.16.10.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.16.10.255
inet6 fe80::a94:efff:fe70:4eb3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 08:94:ef:70:4e:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1582654868 bytes 305433476235 (284.4 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 47810958 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 190138297 bytes 34977293520 (32.5 GiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eno1:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.16.20.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.16.20.255
ether 08:94:ef:70:4e:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
enp134s0f0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.75.119.206 netmask 255.255.252.0 broadcast 10.75.119.255
inet6 fe80::a236:9fff:fe20:9fb8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether a0:36:9f:20:9f:b8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 16110972352 bytes 17710866791280 (16.1 TiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 47810919 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 7315734650 bytes 3290896593864 (2.9 TiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
系统环境检查：
lsb_release -a #列出当前系统及内核版本信息
LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
Release: 7.4.1708
Codename: Core
软件包安装检查：
Ubuntu系统:
apt list --installed #查看所有安装的包
Debian系统:
dpkg-query -l #查看所有安装的包
CentOS系统：
rpm -qa #查看所有安装的包
rpm -qa | grep ??? #查看???包是否在已安装列表并返回
Ubuntu软件源列表查看
cd /etc/apt/ #访问/etc/apt/ 文件夹
vi sources.list #查看目前的软件源列表
esc :q! #不保存退出 Ubuntu
软件源列表修改
可以使用如下命令：
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list #将默认的源地址[http://archive.ubuntu.com/](http://archive.ubuntu.com/) 替换为 [http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn](http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/)
sudo apt-get update
Linux环境变量查看/修改
环境变量的查看
按变量的生存周期来划分，Linux变量可分为两类：
1 永久的：需要修改配置文件，变量永久生效。
2 临时的：使用export命令声明即可，变量在关闭shell时失效。
nohup相关
nohup python -utry.py &>nohup.out& #将屏幕输出实时加入nohup.out文件
tail -fn 50 nohup.out #查看最近50行输出内容
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