TypeReference获取泛型参数

使用Gson、Jackson或Fastjson反序列化泛型时，需要传递泛型的真实类型，所以一般都通过集成TypeReference来实现。

获取泛型参数的实现方法

• com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference

public abstract class TypeReference<T> implements Comparable<TypeReference<T>>
{
    protected final Type _type;
    
    protected TypeReference()
    {
        Type superClass = getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
        if (superClass instanceof Class<?>) { // sanity check, should never happen
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Internal error: TypeReference constructed without actual type information");
        }
        /* 22-Dec-2008, tatu: Not sure if this case is safe -- I suspect
         *   it is possible to make it fail?
         *   But let's deal with specific
         *   case when we know an actual use case, and thereby suitable
         *   workarounds for valid case(s) and/or error to throw
         *   on invalid one(s).
         */
        _type = ((ParameterizedType) superClass).getActualTypeArguments()[0];
    }

    public Type getType() { return _type; }
    
    /**
     * The only reason we define this method (and require implementation
     * of <code>Comparable</code>) is to prevent constructing a
     * reference without type information.
     */
    @Override
    public int compareTo(TypeReference<T> o) { return 0; }
    // just need an implementation, not a good one... hence ^^^
}

• com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference
  fastjson中的TypeReference基本原理类似

public class TypeReference<T> {
    static ConcurrentMap<Type, Type> classTypeCache
            = new ConcurrentHashMap<Type, Type>(16, 0.75f, 1);

    protected final Type type;

    /**
     * Constructs a new type literal. Derives represented class from type
     * parameter.
     *
     * <p>Clients create an empty anonymous subclass. Doing so embeds the type
     * parameter in the anonymous class's type hierarchy so we can reconstitute it
     * at runtime despite erasure.
     */
    protected TypeReference(){
        Type superClass = getClass().getGenericSuperclass();

        Type type = ((ParameterizedType) superClass).getActualTypeArguments()[0];

        Type cachedType = classTypeCache.get(type);
        if (cachedType == null) {
            classTypeCache.putIfAbsent(type, type);
            cachedType = classTypeCache.get(type);
        }

        this.type = cachedType;
    }

    /**
     * @since 1.2.9
     * @param actualTypeArguments
     */
    protected TypeReference(Type... actualTypeArguments){
        Class<?> thisClass = this.getClass();
        Type superClass = thisClass.getGenericSuperclass();

        ParameterizedType argType = (ParameterizedType) ((ParameterizedType) superClass).getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        Type rawType = argType.getRawType();
        Type[] argTypes = argType.getActualTypeArguments();

        int actualIndex = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; ++i) {
            if (argTypes[i] instanceof TypeVariable &&
                    actualIndex < actualTypeArguments.length) {
                argTypes[i] = actualTypeArguments[actualIndex++];
            }
            // fix for openjdk and android env
            if (argTypes[i] instanceof GenericArrayType) {
                argTypes[i] = TypeUtils.checkPrimitiveArray(
                        (GenericArrayType) argTypes[i]);
            }

            // 如果有多层泛型且该泛型已经注明实现的情况下，判断该泛型下一层是否还有泛型
            if(argTypes[i] instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                argTypes[i] = handlerParameterizedType((ParameterizedType) argTypes[i], actualTypeArguments, actualIndex);
            }
        }

        Type key = new ParameterizedTypeImpl(argTypes, thisClass, rawType);
        Type cachedType = classTypeCache.get(key);
        if (cachedType == null) {
            classTypeCache.putIfAbsent(key, key);
            cachedType = classTypeCache.get(key);
        }

        type = cachedType;

    }

    private Type handlerParameterizedType(ParameterizedType type, Type[] actualTypeArguments, int actualIndex) {
        Class<?> thisClass = this.getClass();
        Type rawType = type.getRawType();
        Type[] argTypes = type.getActualTypeArguments();

        for(int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; ++i) {
            if (argTypes[i] instanceof TypeVariable && actualIndex < actualTypeArguments.length) {
                argTypes[i] = actualTypeArguments[actualIndex++];
            }

            // fix for openjdk and android env
            if (argTypes[i] instanceof GenericArrayType) {
                argTypes[i] = TypeUtils.checkPrimitiveArray(
                        (GenericArrayType) argTypes[i]);
            }

            // 如果有多层泛型且该泛型已经注明实现的情况下，判断该泛型下一层是否还有泛型
            if(argTypes[i] instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                return handlerParameterizedType((ParameterizedType) argTypes[i], actualTypeArguments, actualIndex);
            }
        }

        Type key = new ParameterizedTypeImpl(argTypes, thisClass, rawType);
        return key;
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets underlying {@code Type} instance.
     */
    public Type getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public final static Type LIST_STRING = new TypeReference<List<String>>() {}.getType();
}

• com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken

gson中的TypeToken原理也是一样的

/**
* Returns the type from super class's type parameter in {@link $Gson$Types#canonicalize
* canonical form}.
*/
static Type getSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) {
Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass();
if (superclass instanceof Class) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Missing type parameter.");
}
ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass;
return $Gson$Types.canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
}

延伸阅读：Java类型

• Java中的Type类型详解
• 【小家Java】你真的了解Java泛型参数吗？细说java.lang.reflect.Type（ParameterizedType、TypeVariable、WildcardType...）