本文作者Anthony Burgess,是英国当代著名的作家、诗人、作曲家、剧作家、语言学家和评论家,在欧美各国享有很高的声誉。代表作有《医生病了》(1960)、《一只手鼓掌》(1961)、《缺少的种子》(1962)、《恩德比先生的内心》(1963)、《马来亚三部曲》(1964)、《带发条的桔子》、《什么也比不上太阳》(1964)、《恩德比的外部》(1968)、《拿破仑交响曲》(1974)、《世间权力》(1980)、《1985年》(1987)等。
作者在本文对六七十年代的美国提出了尖锐的批评,设计消费、服务、教育、青年、社会治安、公共设施、越战、政治等诸多方面。该文比较长,预计分成8天讲,有些相对易懂、没长难句的段落就直接给出原文和翻译。
Let us stay for a while on this subject of consumption. American individualism, on the face of it an admirable philosophy, wishes to manifest itself in independence of the community. You don't share things in common; you have your own things.
1. manifest vt. 证明,表明;显示 vi. 显示,出现
例句:The contradiction manifested itself in the employment situation. 在就业问题上矛盾暴露了。
例句:The disease typically manifests itself in a high fever and chest pains. 这种疾病的典型症状是发高烧和胸痛。
2. 翻译:让我们在消费这个题目上再稍微多说几句。美国式的个人主义在表面看来是很值得钦佩的一种哲学,它希望独立于社区之外表现自己,人们不共享东西,各人都有自己的东西。
A family's strength is signalized by its possessions. Herein lies a paradox. For the desire for possessions must eventually mean dependence on possessions. Freedom is slavery. Once let the acquisitive instinct burgeon, and there are ruggedly individual forces only too ready to make it come to full and monstrous blossom. New appetites are invented; what to the European are bizarre luxuries become, to the American, plain necessities.
3. paradox n.悖论,反论;自相矛盾的人或事
4. burgeon vi. 发芽;迅速发展 vt. 发(芽);抽(枝)
例句:South Africa is a major destination for international brands and also has its own burgeoning industries. 南非是国际品牌的重要出口市场,本国也拥有新兴的产业。
例句:The seed of friendship and cooperation we sow today will burgeon and harvest in the future and China-US partnership of cooperation will definitely enjoy a better tomorrow. 我们今天播下的友好合作种子一定能够生根发芽、开花结果,中美合作伙伴关系一定能够迎来更加美好的明天。
5. ruggedly /'rʌgidli/ adv. 粗暴地,险峻地
6. monstrous adj. 巨大的;怪异的;荒谬的;畸形的
monster n.怪物;巨人,巨兽;残忍的人
7. only too ready to make it come to full and monstrous blossom注意此处不是too...to...结构。only too ready里的too是副词,修饰ready,可以翻译为“已经做足准备,万事俱备”等。此句也就是说“万事俱备,来make it come to full and monstrous blossom(使它开出硕大的花朵)"。it指代acquisitive instinct占有的本能。
8. bizarre adj. 奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等)
看过《老友记》的朋友应该记得第一季Chanlder的母亲和Ross接吻时被Joey看到了,后来Ross找Joey说是误会,也不是什么大不了的事Not big a deal,然后Joey回了一句“Not big a deal?In a bizarre world." 除非在荒诞不羁的世界,否则着种行为就是大事。
9. 翻译:一个家庭的力量体现在它拥有的财产上。这正是自相矛盾之处,因为对财产的渴望最终必然意味着对财产的依赖。自由即屈服,你一旦允许占有的本能发芽生长,便有粗暴的个别力量迫不及待地要使它盛开出巨大的花朵。新的欲望产生了,对欧洲人来说是希奇古怪的奢侈品,对美国人来说却成了普通的必需品。
图片来自网络During my year's stay in New Jersey I let my appetite flower into full Americanism except for one thing. I did not possess an automobile. This self-elected deprivation was a way into the nastier side of the consumer society. Where private ownership prevails, public amenities decay or are prevented from coming into being.
10. deprivation n.剥夺
deprive vt. 剥夺, 夺去, 使丧失
11. nastier是nasty的比较级。
nasty adj. 下流的;肮脏的
12. prevail vi. 盛行,流行;战胜,获胜
此处是”战胜、获胜、占优势“之意,可用"predominate /dominate"替换
13. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽;衰退,衰减 vt. 使腐烂,使腐败;使衰退,使衰落
14. 翻译:在新泽西州的一年中,我任凭自己的欲望充分发展成了美国式的,除了一个例外:我没有汽车。我自己剥夺了自己享用私人汽车的权利,是了解消费社会肮脏侧面的一个途径。在私有制占优势的地方,公共益事不是衰败就是受到阻挠无法存在。
图片来自网络The rundown rail services of America are something I try, vainly, to forget. The nightmare of filth, outside and in, that enfolds the trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be accepted in backward Europe. But far worse is the nightmare of travel in and around Los Angeles, where public transport does not exist and people are literally choking to death in their exhaust fumes. This is part of the price of individual ownership.
15. filth n. 污秽;肮脏;猥亵;不洁
16. enfold vt. 拥抱;包裹;折叠;围绕
17. literally adv.不夸张地;简直
18. 翻译:美国铁路交通破落是一件我想忘也忘不了的事。从马萨诸塞州的斯普林菲尔德到纽约中央车站的旅程,一路上车里车外肮脏得像噩梦般可怕。这种情况在落后的欧洲也是无法接受的。但比这更糟得多的是在洛杉机市内或周围噩梦般的旅行,那儿根本没有公共交通工具,毫不夸张地说,人们正被自己汽车排出的废气呛死。这是私有制要付出的部分代价。
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