【翻译】The State of Open Banking -4

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4. LEADING OPEN BANKING PLAYERS AND THEIR INITIATIVES
   领先的开放银行参与者和他们的举措

Financial services firms are waking up to the potential of Open Banking as a competitive game changer, rather than merely a regulatory pressure, as they face the threat of disintermediation from their customers.
金融服务公司正在意识到开放银行作为竞争游戏改变者的潜力，而不仅仅是监管压力，因为他们面临着来自客户脱媒的威胁。

（注：disintermediation 脱媒，指脱离媒介、中介等，交易过程中去掉中间商）

Leveraging open APIs as a democratizing force, a variety of companies and sectors now will be able to strive for market niche leadership.
利用开放API作为民主化力量，各种公司和行业现在将能够争取市场利基的领导力。

（注：niche market 利基市场，细分市场，是指由已有市场绝对优势的企业所忽略的某些细分市场，并且在此市场尚未完善供应服务。一般由较小的产品市场并具有持续发展的潜力中一些需要但尚未被满足的族群消费者所组成。为了满足特定的市场需求，价格区间与产品质量，针对细分后的产品进入这个小型市场且有盈利的基础。经由专业化的经营将品牌意识灌输到该特定消费者族群中逐渐形成该族群的领导品牌。 利基一词是英文NICHE的音译，原指小生境。）

“The whole notion of who owns the customer will change. It’s no longer about who provides the current savings account, but rather which brand provides enough value enough to warrant the consumer’s full attention. That company can become one of the new banking leaders, whether you’re a traditional financial firm, a media giant, or a fintech startup.”
客户握在谁手中的整个概念都将改变。是谁提供活期储蓄账户已不再是重点，而是哪个品牌能提供足够获得消费者完全关注的价值。无论是传统的金融公司，媒体巨头还是金融科技创业公司，都可以成为新的银行业领导者之一。

（注：enough value 与 enough to warrant the consumer’s full attention ，后者是前者的同位语，即足够的价值=足以保证获得消费者全面关注）

Jamie Campbell, Awareness lead at the company Bud.

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Major initiatives by segment

主要举措分列：

Traditional/high street banks:

传统/高街银行：

By collaborating with fintech startups, TPPs, and payment gateways, high street banks are embracing the demands for API-based modular architectures.
通过与金融科技公司、第三方支付服务提供商和支付网关合作，高街银行正在接受基于API的模块化架构需求。

A number of leading banks are launching their own apps and services to compete in the race of Open Banking.
许多领先的银行正在推出自己的应用和服务，以参与开放式银行业的竞争。

HSBC became the first big bank in the UK to launch a standalone Open Banking app, called ‘Connected Money’, which allows customers to access other bank accounts, credit cards, and loans.
汇丰银行成为英国第一家推出独立开放银行应用程序的大型银行，名为“互联金钱”，允许客户访问其他银行账户，信用卡和贷款。

Several banks are taking a coordinated approach by supporting an API development exchange, the Open Banking API Accelerator from Apigee (now part of Google).
一些银行正在采取支持API开发交换的协调方法，即Apigee（现在是Google的一部分）的Open Banking API 加速器。

The UK’s big banks like Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland have taken a more compliance-oriented approach, as opposed to competitors such as HSBC and ING who are advancing their own API-based apps as a strategic move.
英国巴克莱银行和苏格兰皇家银行等大型银行采取了更加合规导向的方式，而不是像汇丰银行和ING这样的竞争对手们正在推进自有基于API的应用程序作为战略举措。

In addition, traditional banks are collaborating with individual fintech startups and TPPs, strengthening the aggregator model, such as Chase’s partnership with Intuit and Wells Fargo’s partnership with Xero and Finicity.
此外，传统银行正在与个别金融科技创业公司和第三方支付服务提供商合作，加强聚合模式，例如Chase与Intuit的合作以及Wells Fargo与Xero和Finicity的合作。

The partnership will help aggregators’ clients assess bank customers’ data for potential business without compromising on its security.
合作伙伴将帮助聚合的客户在不影响数据安全的前提下，评估银行客户数据用于潜在商业用途。

Trust remains an entrenched asset of traditional banks.
信任仍然是传统银行牢固的资产。

George Throckmorton, at NACHA, the Electronic Payments Association, believes that “Consumers and businesses likely will continue to rely on banks to store and protect consumer deposits.”
NACHA、电子支付协会的George Throckmorton认为，“消费者和企业可能会继续依赖银行存储和保护消费者的存款。”

Challenger banks:

挑战者（数字）银行

(注：Challenger bank 挑战者银行，是英国最近创建的小型零售银行，银行通过现代信息技术（例如：仅限在线业务）与传统银行的成本和复杂性区分开来。

• Aldermore
• Atom Bank
• Metro Bank
• Monzo
• N26
• OakNorth
• Revolut
• Starling Bank
• Tandem
• Tesco Bank
• Virgin Money
  以上是英国Challenger bank名单）

• Specialist banks:
专业银行

（注：专业银行主要业务集中在专业贷款或者为在市场上服务欠缺的人群提供储蓄服务）

These banks provide alternative solutions that are presented to consumers through aggregators.
这些银行通过聚合提供给消费者替代解决方案。

They are making their way in the Open Banking space by partnering with other financial service providers and broadening their reach to underserved markets through account plug-in services.
他们与其他金融服务提供商合作，通过帐户插件服务扩大其对服务欠缺市场的影响力，从而在开放银行领域开展业务。

A well known example is Fidor Bank, which developed its in-house technology platform, while also licensing it to other financial institutions.
一个着名的例子是Fidor Bank，它开发了内部技术平台，同时也将其许可给其他金融机构。

Another example is Fiinu, a bank that is expected to start operating in early 2019.
另一个例子是Fiinu，一家预计将于2019年初开始运营的银行。

Its operations are mainly focused on lending.
其业务主要集中在贷款上。

However, it aims to monetize card usage, cryptocurrency trading, FX trading, international transfer fees, and packaged accounts, particularly targeted at millennials, young adults and consumers with local credit scores.
不过，也通过用卡消费、加密货币交易、外汇交易、国际转账费用和打包账户来赚钱，特别针对千禧一代、年轻人和具有本地信用评分的消费者。

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• Digital-only banks:
纯数字银行
Digital-only players include branchless/mobile-only banks.
纯数字参与者们包括无分支网点/仅有移动端的银行。

These neo-banks can have an advantage over traditional banks when their systems and services are modularly-constructed and API-based natively.
当这些新银行的系统和服务采用模块化构建并且以原生API为基础，相较于传统银行具有优势。

In addition, digital banks are serving as innovation partners or acquisition targets either for traditional banking groups or large players in other industries – telecom, technology, retail, and so on – which have an interest in financial services.
此外，数字银行也是传统银行集团或其他行业的大型企业（电信，技术，零售等）的创新合作伙伴或收购目标，这些行业对金融服务感兴趣。

Starling Bank has been the first UK lender to offer a developer API for its services, with complete documentation and a sandbox testing environment.
Starling Bank是第一家为其服务提供开发API的英国银行，拥有完整的文档和沙盒测试环境。

Some digital-only banks are offering APIs to other banks and fintech companies to quickly build digital capabilities.
一些单数字银行正在向其他银行和金融科技公司提供API，以快速构建数字功能。

E.g., Monzo offers current account services, debit cards, mobile money transfers, a spending analyzer, and integration with other apps for payments.
例如，Monzo提供活期账户服务，借记卡，移动汇款，支出分析以及与集成在其他应用程序内进行支付。

Fintech companies:

金融科技企业
• Open banking has enabled fintech companies to offer banking customers a superior experience with access to wide range of financial products and services.
开放银行使金融科技公司能够为银行客户获得广泛金融产品和服务提供卓越体验。

TrueLayer is helping financial institutions open access to third- parties of a bank’s data.
TrueLayer正在帮助金融机构向银行的数据合作伙伴开放访问。

（注：open 形容词 access 名词）

Companies like Bud are taking more of an aggregator strategy, enabling any of more than 80 open financial applications to plug into their best- of-breed, mobile/web financial dashboard, supporting transfers, budget monitoring, and more.
像Bud这样的公司正更多的采取聚合策略，使80多个开放式金融应用程序中的任何一个都能插入其最佳单品、移动/网络财务仪表板、提供传输、预算监控等。

In parallel, Bud operates a marketplace for learning about and acquiring those partner apps.
与此同时，Bud运营着一个学习和获取这些合作应用程序的市场。

• Tech companies also are providing banks API implementation and integration support.
科技公司还提供银行API实施和集成支持。

For example, Railsbank is wrapping APIs in an environment that allows banks to deploy initial functionality within just 5 lines of code.
例如，Railsbank将API封装在让银行仅用5行以内代码部署初始功能的环境中。

ForgeRock launched a directory sandbox for financial institutions to test their APIs for authentication, security, and customer identity management.
ForgeRock为金融机构推出了一个管理沙箱，用于测试其API的身份​​验证、安全性和客户身份管理。

Non-bank players:

非银行参与者
These players generally supplement their core offerings by partnering with banks or fintechs to offer consumers a full- service experience including but not limited to banking.
这些参与者通常通过与银行或金融科技合作来补充其核心产品，为消费者提供全方位服务体验，包括但不限于银行业务。

By developing capabilities such as data analytics and customer value proposition development, players like Sainsbury’s, Tesco, and others are offering unique value to customers.
Sainsbury’s，乐购等公司通过开发数据分析和客户价值主张开发等功能，为客户提供独特的价值。

Leading digital consumer platforms, such as Apple, Google, Facebook, Alibaba and Tencent are leveraging their massive customer base and pervasive user interfaces (smartphones, social chat, chatbots) to tap into the banking system, enhance revenues, and gather more data about customer needs.
领先的数字消费者平台，如苹果，谷歌，Facebook，阿里巴巴和腾讯，正在借助其庞大的客户群基数和普遍的用户入口（智能手机，社交聊天，聊天机器人）利用银行系统，增加收入并收集更多有关客户需求的数据。

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Identifying opportunities in Open Banking

识别在开放银行中的机会
Commercial banks are well positioned to leverage the opportunity in an Open Banking environment through new business models and data-driven services.
商业银行已准备好通过新的商业模式和数据驱动的服务在开放银行环境中利用这一机会。

Moreover, banks can harness customer insights to move from a “product-centric” culture to a “customer-centric” culture in the following ways:
此外，银行可通过以下方式采取客户视角从“以产品为中心”的文化转变为“以客户为中心”的文化：

• Focusing on improved customer experience:
专注于改善客户体验：
More and more consumer experience-based partnerships will help differentiate and build new revenue streams.
越来越多基于消费者体验的合作关系将有助于实现差异化并建立新的收入来源。

The data that Open Banking players collect (with permission) open new avenues for serving customers and profiting from analysis of their needs.
开放银行参与者收集的数据（经许可）为服务客户开辟了新的途径，并从客户的需求分析中获利。

Jamie Campbell of Bud explains, “The goal is to create ‘flag moments’ to connect with customers. For example, spend GBP 500 on Virgin Atlantic Airlines and be offered travel insurance from an Open Banking partner’s API-integrated service.” Bud的Jamie Campbell解释说：“我们的目标是创造'标志时刻'来与客户建立联系。例如，在维珍航空公司（Virgin Atlantic Airlines）上花费500英镑，从开放银行合作伙伴的综合服务API中购买旅行保险。”

• Extending value propositions through partnerships:
通过合作关系扩展价值主张：
Starling Bank is pursuing an ecosystem strategy and has launched a “Marketplace” that allows third-parties to add products to the platform that can be accessed through its mobile app.
Starling Bank正在推行一项生态战略，并推出了一个“市场”：允许第三方将产品添加到平台（市场），通过其移动应用可访问此平台。

It plans to bolster international expansion with multi-currency accounts while providing financial services that includes pensions, savings, travel insurance, and mortgage brokerage. 计划用多种货币账户加强国际扩张，同时提供包括养老金，储蓄，旅游保险和抵押贷款经纪在内的金融服务。

• Optimizing distribution models and focus on digital channels of interaction:
优化分销模式并专注于数字互动渠道：
This will meet the customer demands for availability and accessibility.
这将满足客户对可用性和可访问性的要求。

ING’s app Yolt is a digital-only personal financial management dashboard that allows customers to link to all their existing accounts in one place.
ING的应用Yolt是一个纯数字的个人财务管理仪表板，允许客户在一个入口看到他们所有的现存帐户。

Yolt also features an online finance coach that reminds customers of the time left until payday as well as available balance predictions based on recurring direct debits.
Yolt还设有在线财务顾问，提醒客户离到期日剩余的时间，以及基于批扣（经常性直接借记）的可用余额预测。

（注：recurring direct debits 经常性直接借记，或叫 direct withdrawal 是指从一个人的银行账户中提取资金的金融交易。通常用于经常性付款，例如信用卡和水电费。就是我们通常的代收代缴水电费，批扣）

• Positioning ‘banking-as-a service’ as a viable strategic option for financial institutions:
将“银行即服务”定位为金融机构可行的战略选择：
Germany-based Solaris Bank was the first to provide a fully licensed, turnkey banking platform aimed at fintechs.
总部位于德国的Solaris Bank是第一家提供完全许可，针对金融科技的一站式银行平台。

（注：turnkey 一站式方案，又称 turn-key，是一种专案类型，指的是卖方将专案架设好并调整完成，在可立即使用的情况下卖给买家，是科技业中一种常见的技术转移方式。）

Fidor Bank’s platform also offers payments, transaction, deposit, and credit services, as well as compliance solutions.
Fidor Bank的平台还提供支付，交易，存款和信贷服务以及合规解决方案。