广度优先搜索(BFS)
它其实就是一种“地毯式”层层推进的搜索策略,即先查找离起始顶点最近的,然后是次近的,依次往外搜索。
public void bfs(int s, int t) {
if (s == t) return;
boolean[] visited = new boolean[v];
visited[s]=true;
Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.add(s);
int[] prev = new int[v];
for (int i = 0; i < v; ++i) {
prev[i] = -1;
}
while (queue.size() != 0) {
int w = queue.poll();
for (int i = 0; i < adj[w].size(); ++i) {
int q = adj[w].get(i);
if (!visited[q]) {
prev[q] = w;
if (q == t) {
print(prev, s, t);
return;
}
visited[q] = true;
queue.add(q);
}
}
}
}
private void print(int[] prev, int s, int t) { // 递归打印 s->t 的路径
if (prev[t] != -1 && t != s) {
print(prev, s, prev[t]);
}
System.out.print(t + " ");
}
深度优先搜索(DFS)
boolean found = false; // 全局变量或者类成员变量
public void dfs(int s, int t) {
found = false;
boolean[] visited = new boolean[v];
int[] prev = new int[v];
for (int i = 0; i < v; ++i) {
prev[i] = -1;
}
recurDfs(s, t, visited, prev);
print(prev, s, t);
}
private void recurDfs(int w, int t, boolean[] visited, int[] prev) {
if (found == true) return;
visited[w] = true;
if (w == t) {
found = true;
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < adj[w].size(); ++i) {
int q = adj[w].get(i);
if (!visited[q]) {
prev[q] = w;
recurDfs(q, t, visited, prev);
}
}
}
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