ApplicationContext中Bean的生命周期
先来张图:
image大家看到这张图肯定是一脸蒙蔽。不要着急,我来慢慢解释:从getBean(…)为触发点,Spring容器的Bean生命周期就经历了图中的生命周期,先分个类:
- 图中绿色箭头的三个步骤(InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor)和粉红色箭头的两个步骤(BeanPostProcessor)为容器级的生命周期接口,当Spring每加载任何一个Bean到容器中时,这些接口都会起到如图中的几次调用。这两个处理器叫做"容器级后处理器",他们的影响是全局的,能够影响所有的Bean.
- 图中大红色圆圈圈住的接口叫做"工厂级后处理器",类似的接口还有CustomEditorConfigurer,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer等,这类接口只在上下文初始化的时候调用一次,其目的是完成一些配置文件的加工处理工作。
- 剩下的就简单了,属于Bean级别的接口,专属于某个Bean所有,每个Bean实例化的时候调用自己特有的。
值得一提的是,无论是"容器级后处理器"还是"工厂级后处理器",他们都是可以配置多个的(如,配置两个BeanPostProcessor),如果想控制他们的调用顺序,实现一个org.springframework.core.Ordered接口即可。当然了,一般不用,一般一类后处理器只有一个即可。
重点强调!:
这些接口的调用顺序并不是一尘不变的,会随便Spring的版本变动而变动,大家要做的是万变不离其宗,知道能够通过这些接口在Bean初始化的时做一些属性上的操作。调用顺序要根据具体的版本来自己测试。下面我会给大家来列一个例子:
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-family: couriernew, courier, monospace; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
public class Student implements BeanFactoryAware, BeanNameAware,
InitializingBean, DisposableBean,ApplicationContextAware {
private String name;
public Student(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("BeanFactoryAware......");
}
@Override
public void setBeanName(String s) {
System.out.println("BeanNameAware......");
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("DisposableBean......");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("InitializingBean......");
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("ApplicationContextAware......");
}
}
</pre>
BeanFactoryPostProcessor:
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-family: couriernew, courier, monospace; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
public MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor() {
super();
System.out.println("这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器!!");
}
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory arg0)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法");
BeanDefinition bd = arg0.getBeanDefinition("student");
MutablePropertyValues propertyValues = bd.getPropertyValues();
//配置文件中的信息在加载到Spring中后以BeanDefinition的形式存在.在这里又可以更改BeanDefinition,所以可以理解为更改配置文件里面的内容
// propertyValues.add("zdy","123");
}
}
</pre>
BeanPostProcessor:
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-family: couriernew, courier, monospace; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
public MyBeanPostProcessor() {
super();
System.out.println("这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器!!");
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法After对属性进行更改!");
return arg0;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法Before对属性进行更改!");
return arg0;
}
}
</pre>
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter:
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-family: couriernew, courier, monospace; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter {
public MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor() {
super();
System.out.println("这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器!!");
}
// 接口方法、实例化Bean之前调用
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class beanClass,
String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用Before方法");
return null;
}
// 接口方法、实例化Bean之后调用
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用Ater方法");
return bean;
}
// 接口方法、设置某个属性时调用
@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs,
PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法");
return pvs;
}
}
</pre>
然后我们的Main方法:
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-family: couriernew, courier, monospace; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
ApplicationContext ac =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student stu = (Student) ac.getBean("student");
stu.setName("wangwu");
}
}
</pre>
Spring文件最简单:(注意要把我们自己定义的处理器全部加到容器里去)
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-family: couriernew, courier, monospace; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
<bean id="student" class="com.zdy.Student">
<constructor-arg value="zhangsan"/>
</bean>
<bean id="myBeanFactoryPostProcessor" class="com.zdy.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor"></bean>
<bean id="myInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor" class="com.zdy.MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"></bean>
<bean id="myBeanPostProcessor" class="com.zdy.MyBeanPostProcessor"></bean>
</beans>
</pre>
然后run一下子,看结果:
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-family: couriernew, courier, monospace; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器!!
BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法
这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器!!
这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器!!
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用Before方法
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法
BeanNameAware......
BeanFactoryAware......
ApplicationContextAware......
BeanPostProcessor接口方法Before对属性进行更改!
InitializingBean......
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用Ater方法
BeanPostProcessor接口方法After对属性进行更改!
</pre>
好了,其实大致流程就说完了,我大致针对Bean的生命周期说一下:Spring为了尽可能的把自己内部的东西机制暴露出来给用户使用,所以在Bean创建的过程中加了很多机制,通过所谓的"处理器"Processor暴露出来,然后处理器都有自己的顺序,我们需要做的就是定义好处理器的逻辑,然后注册到Sprinhg容器中,Spring就会调用了。
其次,还有一种方式,就是让我们的Bean实现一些接口(类似于ApplicationContextAware),通过这种方式,在Bean初始化的某个步骤调用接口定义好的方法来传入一些信息进来,像ApplicationContextAware就把ApplicationContext给传给我们了。
然后我给大家说几个实用点的知识点,大家记着,用到时回来翻一翻就可以了:
- 上面的生命周期流程图,时候的时候注意调用先后顺序,避免属性被覆盖的现象。
- BeanFactoryPostProcessor 主要是在Spring刚加载完配置文件,还没来得及初始化Bean的时候做一些操作。比如篡改某个Bean在配置文件中配置的内容。
- InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter 基本没什么鸟用,Bean初始化后,还没有设置属性值时调用,和BeanFactoryPostProcessor一样,可以篡改配置文件加载到内存中的信息。
- ApplicationContextAware:用处很大,注入了ApplicationContext到Bean中。
- InitializingBean:有用处,可以在Bean属性全部改完之后,再做一些定制化操作。
- BeanPostProcessor:没什么用,Spring框架内部使用的比较猛,像什么AOP,动态代理,都是在这搞事。后期有时间和大家分析。
- 其他的像什么init-method,destroy方法,基本都是个摆设。。我是没怎么用过,只知道有这么回事。
结语
好了,Bean的生命周期算上和大家分享完了,其实没什么东西,大家知道有这么回事,能用到"后处理器"搞事的时候回来大致看下顺序即可。其次就是一些Bean实现的接口,最常用的就是(ApplicationContextAware和InitializingBean)了。还有就是BeanPostProcessor,因为这个接口的方法里会把Bean实体以Object传进去。
所以可以进行一些属性上的操作。其实说实在的,程序员用的比较少。框架内部用的多。OK,这篇讲的其实比较糙,主要是因为没什么东西可讲,Over,Have a good day !
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