1、创建容器
#创建一个
ubuntu@k8s-master:~$ kubectl run --image=nginx nginx-app --port=80
pod/nginx-app created
# 查询状态
ubuntu@k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-app 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 35s
ubuntu@k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods
\NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-app 1/1 Running 0 2m37s
查看信息
ubuntu@k8s-master:~$ kubectl describe pod nginx-app
Name: nginx-app
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: minikube/192.168.49.2
Start Time: Wed, 03 Feb 2021 01:33:39 -0800
Labels: run=nginx-app
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 172.17.0.3
IPs:
IP: 172.17.0.3
Containers:
nginx-app:
Container ID: docker://c5704ae18abddf25ee04f29950d0ed1a41ef2d6a693e2857274cf2af77a302d7
Image: nginx
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Wed, 03 Feb 2021 01:34:29 -0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-h952k (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-h952k:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-h952k
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 4m52s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/nginx-app to minikube
Normal Pulling 4m51s kubelet Pulling image "nginx"
Normal Pulled 4m2s kubelet Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 49.691724396s
Normal Created 4m2s kubelet Created container nginx-app
Normal Started 4m2s kubelet Started container nginx-app
2、内部容器间访问
ubuntu@k8s-master:~$ kubectl exec nginx-app curl 127.0.0.1
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
3、通过yaml 创建
上面是通过 kubectl run 来启动了第一个 Pod，但是 kubectl run 并不支持所有的功能。在 Kubernetes 中，更经常使用 yaml 文件来定义资源，并通过 kubectl create -f file.yaml 来创建资源。比如，一个简单的 nginx Pod 可以定义为：
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
4、删除容器
kubectl delete pod nginx-app1
5、service expose 端口
ubuntu@k8s-master:~$ kubectl expose pod nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
service/nginx exposed
ubuntu@k8s-master:~$ kubectl describe pod nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: minikube/192.168.49.2
Start Time: Wed, 03 Feb 2021 01:48:34 -0800
Labels: app=nginx
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 172.17.0.5
IPs:
IP: 172.17.0.5
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://b0d1f234ecb5f9b6889d5cc4b55ccfaeb31738b727f3b9f6884509d304ddacff
Image: nginx
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
Port: 82/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Wed, 03 Feb 2021 01:48:45 -0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-h952k (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-h952k:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-h952k
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 24m default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/nginx to minikube
Normal Pulling 24m kubelet Pulling image "nginx"
Normal Pulled 24m kubelet Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 9.63612606s
Normal Created 24m kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 24m kubelet Started container nginx
6、命令参数帮助
root@k8s-master:/# k -h
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.
Find more information at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/
Basic Commands (Beginner):
create Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
expose 使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod
并暴露它作为一个 新的 Kubernetes Service
run 在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
set 为 objects 设置一个指定的特征
Basic Commands (Intermediate):
explain 查看资源的文档
get 显示一个或更多 resources
edit 在服务器上编辑一个资源
delete Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by
resources and label selector
Deploy Commands:
rollout Manage the rollout of a resource
scale Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet or Replication
Controller
autoscale 自动调整一个 Deployment, ReplicaSet, 或者
ReplicationController 的副本数量
Cluster Management Commands:
certificate 修改 certificate 资源.
cluster-info 显示集群信息
top Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
cordon 标记 node 为 unschedulable
uncordon 标记 node 为 schedulable
drain Drain node in preparation for maintenance
taint 更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints
Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
describe 显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
logs 输出容器在 pod 中的日志
attach Attach 到一个运行中的 container
exec 在一个 container 中执行一个命令
port-forward Forward one or more local ports to a pod
proxy 运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
cp 复制 files 和 directories 到 containers
和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.
auth Inspect authorization
debug Create debugging sessions for troubleshooting workloads and
nodes
Advanced Commands:
diff Diff live version against would-be applied version
apply 通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置
patch Update field(s) of a resource
replace 通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源
wait Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many
resources.
kustomize Build a kustomization target from a directory or a remote url.
Settings Commands:
label 更新在这个资源上的 labels
annotate 更新一个资源的注解
completion Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or
zsh)
Other Commands:
api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
api-versions Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of
"group/version"
config 修改 kubeconfig 文件
plugin Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
version 输出 client 和 server 的版本信息
Usage:
kubectl [flags] [options]
Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all
commands).
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