NSCharacterSet
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NSCharacterSet & NSMutableCharacterSet: 用面向对象的方式来表示一组Unicode字符。
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经常与NSString及NSScanner组合起来使用,在不同的字符上做过滤、删除或者分割操作。
NSCharacterSet使用
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系统提供的常用的创建NSCharacterSet的类方法
[NSCharacterSet controlCharacterSet]; //控制符的字符集 [NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]; //空格的字符集 [NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]; //空格和换行符的字符集 [NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet]; //十进制数字的字符集 [NSCharacterSet letterCharacterSet]; //字母的字符集 [NSCharacterSet lowercaseLetterCharacterSet]; //小写字母的字符集 [NSCharacterSet uppercaseLetterCharacterSet]; //大写字母的字符集 [NSCharacterSet nonBaseCharacterSet]; //非基础的字符集 [NSCharacterSet alphanumericCharacterSet]; //字母和数字的字符集 [NSCharacterSet decomposableCharacterSet]; //可分解 [NSCharacterSet illegalCharacterSet]; //非法的字符集 [NSCharacterSet punctuationCharacterSet]; //标点的字符集 [NSCharacterSet capitalizedLetterCharacterSet]; //首字母大写的字符集 [NSCharacterSet symbolCharacterSet]; //符号的字符集 [NSCharacterSet newlineCharacterSet]; //换行符的字符集
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通过自定义创建NSCharacterSet的方法
//返回一个指定范围的字符集,取自小写字母字符集 + (NSCharacterSet *)characterSetWithRange:(NSRange)aRange; //返回一个包含当前字符串的字符集 + (NSCharacterSet *)characterSetWithCharactersInString:(NSString *)aString; //返回包含由给定位图表示形式确定的字符的字符集,此方法对于使用来自文件或其他外部数据源的数据创建字符集 + (NSCharacterSet *)characterSetWithBitmapRepresentation:(NSData *)data; //返回从位图表示中读取的字符集,存储在文件中给定的路径。 + (nullable NSCharacterSet *)characterSetWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)fName;
例如:
[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"Hello"]; //String中的文字组成的set [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithRange:NSMakeRange(48, 10)]];//ascll码,此处为(0-9) [[NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet] invertedSet];//数字之外的字符组成的set
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判断一个字符是否在set中
//指定字符集是包含于在于当前字符集 - (BOOL)characterIsMember:(unichar)aCharacter;
例如:
[[NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet] characterIsMember:48]; //48是0的ascll码;
举例使用
- 去掉首尾空格
NSString *testString = @" This is the string contains whitespace in beginning and ending ";
NSString *whitesspaceStr = [testString stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]];
NSLog(@"%@",whitesspaceStr);
- 去除首尾指定字符串
NSString *str=@"哈哈呵呵嘿嘿吼吼";
NSCharacterSet *cs= [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"哈吼"];
NSString *strResult = [str stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:cs];
NSLog(@"%@",strResult);
- 用指定字符串替代当前字符中的指定字符集中的字符串
NSMutableCharacterSet *letter = [NSMutableCharacterSet lowercaseLetterCharacterSet];
NSCharacterSet *decimalDigit = [NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet];
[letter formUnionWithCharacterSet:decimalDigit];
NSString *string = @"g8!hgr3@09#23uiq%^78sjn453t78&13gesg*wt53(545y45)q3at";
NSLog(@"%@",[[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:letter] componentsJoinedByString:@"_"]);
[letter invert]; //字母数字反转
NSLog(@"%@",[[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:letter] componentsJoinedByString:@"_"]);
- 去除所有空格
NSString *string = @" a b cd ef gh ij klm nopq rstu v w x y z ";
NSLog(@"%@",[[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]] componentsJoinedByString:@""]);
- 与NSPredicate结合使用压缩空格
NSString *string = @" Additional setup after loading the view.";
string = [string stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]];
NSArray *components = [string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]];
components = [components filteredArrayUsingPredicate:[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"self <> ''"]];
string = [components componentsJoinedByString:@" "];
NSLog(@"%@", string);
- 判断字符串是否只包含数字
- (BOOL)validateNumber:(NSString*)number {
BOOL res = YES;
NSCharacterSet* tmpSet = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789"];
int i = 0;
while (i < number.length) {
NSString * string = [number substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)];
NSRange range = [string rangeOfCharacterFromSet:tmpSet];
if (range.length == 0) {
res = NO;
break;
}
i++;
}
return res;
}
- 在UITextFieldDelegate方法中, 限制只能输入数字和小数点, 且第一位不可以输入小数点, 小数点只能输入一个
- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string {
NSCharacterSet *cs;
NSUInteger nDotLoc = [textField.text rangeOfString:@"."].location;
if (NSNotFound == nDotLoc && 0 != range.location) {
cs = [[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789."] invertedSet];
}else{
cs = [[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789"] invertedSet];
}
NSString *filtered = [[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:cs] componentsJoinedByString:@""];
BOOL basicTest = [string isEqualToString:filtered];
if (!basicTest) {
return NO;
}
return YES;
}
注意事项
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尽可能的少创建可变字符设置(character sets).
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缓存character sets,而不是不断重新创建character sets.
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避免归档character sets作为对象,但可以存储到character sets文件当中 (归档将被复制到不同的归档文件,将导致磁盘空间的浪费)
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当创建一个自定义sets时,不需要在创建之后进行改变,使用一个不可变character set作为最终的使用,或创建一个character set文件并存储到应用中.
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