docker食用食谱(一) —— 概论与命令

docker食用主干

众所周知docker是海洋蓝色生物，比较难食用，故在此。。。

一、如何使用

1. 到一个空目录下写Dockerfile文件

# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image
FROM python:2.7-slim

# Set the working directory to /app
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app
COPY . /app

# Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

# Make port 80 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 80

# Define environment variable
ENV NAME World

# Run app.py when the container launches
CMD ["python", "app.py"]`

创建app.py文件，其中 app.py 内容为：

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0')

二、docker常用命令

1. 构建镜像

# Create image using this directory's Dockerfile
docker build -t [tag_name] .
docker build -t friendlyhello .  

2. 运行一个镜像为容器

docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello  
# 此时可以访问本地的 127.0.0.1:4000 端口，看看一个在docker 中运行的web服务器

3. 停止容器

docker container ls        
docker container stop <hash>        

4. 其他命令

# Run "friendlyhello" mapping port 4000 to 80 前台运行
docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello  
# Same thing, but in detached mode 后台运行
docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello  

# 进入一个正在运行到容器
docker exec -it friendlyhello  bash
# 查看所有运行的容器   List all running containers     
docker container ls         
# 查看所有容器 List all containers, even those not running                       
docker container ls -a      
 # 停止一个容器 Gracefully stop the specified container       
docker container stop <hash>        
 # 强制停止一个容器 Force shutdown of the specified container  
docker container kill <hash> 
 # 删除本地容器 Remove specified container from this machine      
docker container rm <hash>       
 # 删除所有容器 Remove all containers
docker container rm $(docker container ls -a -q)       
# 删除未运行的容器
docker container prune
 
 # 列出所有的镜像 List all images on this machine
docker image ls -a            
# 删除镜像 Remove specified image from this machine                
docker image rm <image id>            
# 删除所有的镜像 Remove all images from this machine
docker image rm $(docker image ls -a -q)   

# 挂载数据卷 映射本机目录
docker run -v /local/data:/data -t image_tag_name 

# 登录dockerhub Log in this CLI session using your Docker credentials
docker login             
# 给镜像打标签 Tag <image> for upload to registry
docker tag <image> username/repository:tag  
# 上传镜像到远程仓库 Upload tagged image to registry
docker push username/repository:tag    
# 从远程拉镜像运行 Run image from a registry        
docker run username/repository:tag