Java学习笔记 - 第010天

作者: 迷茫o | 来源:发表于2016-12-09 20:14 被阅读0次

每日要点

继承

继承 : 从已有的类创建新类的过程就是继承
提供继承信息的称为父类
得到继承信息的称为子类
extends - 扩展(子类除了父类的特性之外还有扩充自己特有的东西)
例子：实现Person类，派生出Student、Teacher
Person类:

public class Person {
    // protected - 对子类相当于公开，对其他类相当于私有
    protected String name;
    protected int age;
    
    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println(name + "正在吃饭.");
    }
    
    public void play(String gameName) {
        System.out.println(name + "正在玩" +gameName);
    }
    
    public void watchAV() {
        if (age >= 18) {
            System.out.println(name + "正在观看岛国动作片.");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println(name + "年龄未满18岁不能看.");
        }
    }
}

学生类:

public class Student extends Person{
    private String classCode;
    
    public Student(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }
    
    public void study(String courseName) {
        System.out.println(name + "正在" + classCode + "班学习" + courseName + ".");
    }
    
    public void setClassCode(String classCode) {
        this.classCode = classCode;
    }
}

老师类:

public class Teacher extends Person{
    private String title;
    
    public Teacher(String name, int age, String title) {
        super(name, age);
        this.title = title;
    }
    
    public void teach(String courseName) {
        System.out.println(name + title +"正在教" + courseName + ".");
    }
}

测试类:

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 子类跟父类之间是一种is-a关系
        // 把子类对象赋值给父类变量没有任何问题
        Person stu1 = new Student("王大锤", 15);
        Person stu2 = new Student("王尼玛", 13);
        Person teacher = new Teacher("爱迪生", 36, "叫兽");
        ((Student) stu2).setClassCode("JavaEE 1601");
        stu1.eat();
        stu1.play("LOL");
        stu2.watchAV();
        ((Student) stu2).study("Java");
        teacher.eat();
        teacher.play("斗地主");
        teacher.watchAV();
        ((Teacher) teacher).teach("JavaEE企业级开发");
        // 类型转换异常
//      ((Teacher) stu1).teach("高等数学");
    }
}

protected

protected - 对子类相当于公开，对其他类相当于私有

子类和父类

子类跟父类之间是一种is-a关系
把子类对象赋值给父类变量没有任何问题

类型转换异常
((Teacher) stu1).teach("高等数学");

花括号

一对花括号就构成了一个作用域(scope)
在某个作用域中定义的变量只在该作用域生效

昨天作业讲解

**1.Craps赌博游戏 - 面向对象 **
**两颗色子 - **
第一次:
玩家摇出 7 和11 玩家胜 2 3 或12 庄家胜其他点数游戏继续
玩家再摇
如果摇出7点庄家胜如果摇出了第一次的点数玩家胜其他情况游戏继续

骰子类:

/**
 * 色子
 * @author Kygo
 *
 */
public class Dice {
    private int face;
    
    /**
     * 摇色子
     */
    public void roll() {
        face = (int) (Math.random() * 6 + 1);
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取色子点数
     * @return 点数
     */
    public int getFace() {
        return face;
    }
}

玩家类:

/**
 * 玩家
 * @author Kygo
 *
 */
public class Player {
    private String name;
    private int money;
    private int bet;
    
    /**
     * 构造器：默认玩家有1000元资产
     * @param name 玩家姓名
     */
    public Player(String name) {
        this(name, 1000);
    }
    
    /**
     * 构造器
     * @param name 玩家姓名
     * @param money 玩家资产
     */
    public Player(String name, int money) {
        this.name = name;
        this.money = money;
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取玩家姓名
     * @return 玩家姓名
     */
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取玩家资产
     * @return 玩家资产
     */
    public int getMoney() {
        return money;
    }
    
    /**
     * 设置赌注
     * @param bet 赌注金额
     */
    public void setBet(int bet) {
        this.bet = bet;
    }
    
    /**
     * 赢
     */
    public void win() {
        money += bet;
    }
    
    /**
     * 输
     */
    public void lose() {
        money -= bet;
    }
}

Craps游戏类:

/**
 * Craps游戏
 * @author Kygo
 *
 */
public class CrapsGame {
    private Dice dice1 = new Dice();        // 色子1
    private Dice dice2 = new Dice();        // 色子2
    private Player player;                      // 游戏玩家
    private boolean firstRoll;                  // 是不是第一次摇色子
    private boolean roundOver;          // 当前轮次是否结束
    private int firstPoint;                     // 第一次摇出的点数
    private String info;                            // 游戏提示信息
    
    public CrapsGame() {
        this.reset();
    }
    
    /**
     * 摇两颗色子
     */
    public void rollTwoDice() {
        dice1.roll();
        dice2.roll();
        int currentPoint = dice1.getFace() + dice2.getFace();
        info = "玩家摇出了" + currentPoint + "点.";
        if (firstRoll) {
            switch (currentPoint) {
            case 7: case 11:
                info += "玩家胜!";
                player.win();
                roundOver = true;
                break;
            case 2: case 3: case 12:
                info += "庄家胜!";
                player.lose();
                roundOver = true;
                break;
            default:
                firstPoint = currentPoint;
                firstRoll = false;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (currentPoint == firstPoint) {
                info += "玩家胜!";
                player.win();
                roundOver = true;
            }
            else if (currentPoint == 7) {
                info += "庄家胜!";
                player.lose();
                roundOver = true;
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取当前轮次是否分出胜负
     * @return 分出胜负返回true否则返回false
     */
    public boolean isRoundOver() {
        return roundOver;
    }
    
    /**
     * 重置游戏
     */
    public void reset() {
        firstRoll = true;
        roundOver = false;
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取游戏提示信息
     * @return 提示信息
     */
    public String getInfo() {
        return info;
    }
    
    /**
     * 设置游戏玩家
     * @param player 玩家对象
     */
    public void setPlayer(Player player) {
        this.player = player;
    }
}

测试游戏类:

public class CrapsGameRunner {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        // 创建游戏对象
        CrapsGame game = new CrapsGame();
        // 创建玩家对象
        Player player = new Player("王大锤");
        // 设置游戏玩家
        game.setPlayer(player);
        do {
            // 显示玩家资产
            System.out.println(player.getName() + "的总资产为: ￥" + player.getMoney() + "元.");
            // 下注
            int bet;
            do {
                System.out.print("请下注: ");
                bet = input.nextInt();
            } while (bet <= 0 || bet > player.getMoney());
            player.setBet(bet);
            // 开始摇色子
            while (!game.isRoundOver()) {
                game.rollTwoDice();
                System.out.println(game.getInfo());
            }
            // 一轮游戏结束后重置游戏
            game.reset();
        } while (player.getMoney() > 0);
        // 玩家钱输光了游戏结束
        System.out.println(player.getName() + "已经破产. 游戏结束!");
        input.close();
    }
}

2.设计ATM - 面向对象
银行账户类:

/**
 * 银行账户
 * @author Kygo
 *
 */
public class Account {
    private String id;
    private String password;
    private double balance;
    
    /**
     * 构造器
     * @param id 账户ID
     * @param password 初始密码
     * @param blance 初始余额
     */
    public Account(String id, String password, double blance) {
        this.id = id;
        this.password = password;
        this.balance = blance;
    }
    
    /**
     * 验证身份是否有效
     * @param password 密码
     * @return 密码匹配返回true否则返回false
     */
    public boolean isValid(String password) {
        return this.password.equals(password);
    }
    
    /**
     * 存钱
     * @param money 存款金额
     */
    public void deposit(double money) {
        balance += money;
    }
    
    /**
     * 取款
     * @param money 取款金额
     * @return 取款成功返回true,余额不足返回false
     */
    public boolean withdraw(double money) {
        if (money <= balance) {
            balance -= money;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    /**
     * 获得账号
     * @return 账号
     */
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    /**
     * 查询余额
     * @return 余额
     */
    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }
    
    /**
     * 设置密码
     * @param password 密码
     */
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

ATM类:

/**
 * 自动柜员机
 * @author Kygo
 *
 */
public class ATM {
    private Account currentAccount;
    
    // 用一个数组来模拟银行的数据库系统 预先保存若干个银行账户
    private Account[] accountArray = {
        new Account("11223344", "123123", 1200),
        new Account("22334455", "123456", 50),
        new Account("33445566", "888888", 9999999)
    };
    
    /**
     * 读卡
     * @param id 银行账户ID
     * @return 读卡成功返回true否则返回false
     */
    public boolean readCard(String id) {
        for (Account account : accountArray) {
            if (account.getId().equals(id)) {
                currentAccount = account;
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    /**
     * 验证身份
     * @param password 密码
     * @return 验证通过返回true否则返回false
     */
    public boolean verify(String password) {
        if (currentAccount != null) {
            return currentAccount.isValid(password);
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    /**
     * 查询余额
     * @return 当前账号余额
     */
    public double showBalance() {
        return currentAccount.getBalance();
    }
    
    /**
     * 存钱
     * @param money 存入金额
     */
    public void deposit(int money) {
        currentAccount.deposit(money);
    }
    
    /**
     * 取钱
     * @param money 取款金额
     * @return 取款成功返回ture否则返回false
     */
    public boolean withdraw(int money) {
        return currentAccount.withdraw(money);
    }
    
    /**
     * 修改密码
     * @param newPassword 新密码
     */
    public void changePassword(String newPassword) {
        currentAccount.setPassword(newPassword);
    }
    
    /**
     * 取卡
     */
    public void quitCard() {
        currentAccount = null;
    }
    
    /**
     * 转账
     * @param otherId 转入账号
     * @param money 转账金额
     * @return 转账成功返回true否则返回false
     */
    public boolean transfer(String otherId, double  money) {
        for (Account account : accountArray) {
            if (account.getId().equals(otherId)) {
                Account otherAccount = account;
//              if (currentAccount.getBalance() >= money) {
                if (currentAccount.withdraw(money)) {           
                    otherAccount.deposit(money);
                    return true;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

测试类:

public class ATMTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); 
        ATM atm = new ATM();
        boolean isRunning = true;
        while(isRunning) {
            System.out.println("欢迎使用中国贱人银行ATM机.");
            System.out.print("请插入银行卡: ");
            String id = input.next();
            if (atm.readCard(id)) {
                int counter = 0;
                boolean isCorrect = false;
                do {
                    counter += 1;
                    System.out.print("请输入密码: ");
                    String password = input.next();
                    isCorrect = atm.verify(password);
                } while (counter < 3 && !isCorrect);
                if (isCorrect) {
                    boolean flag = true;
                    while (flag) {
                        System.out.println("1.查询余额");
                        System.out.println("2.存款");
                        System.out.println("3.取款");
                        System.out.println("4.转账");
                        System.out.println("5.修改密码");
                        System.out.println("6.退卡");
                        int choice;
                        do {
                            System.out.print("请选择: ");
                            choice = input.nextInt();
                        } while (choice < 1 || choice >6);
                        switch (choice) {
                        case 1:
                            System.out.println("账户余额: " + atm.showBalance());
                            break;
                        case 2: {
                            // 一对花括号就构成了一个作用域(scope)
                            // 在某个作用域中定义的变量只在该作用域生效
                            System.out.print("请放入钞票: ");
                            int money = input.nextInt();
                            atm.deposit(money);
                            System.out.println("存款成功!");
                            break;
                        }
                        case 3: {
                            System.out.print("请输入或选择取款金额: ");
                            int  money = input.nextInt();
                            if (atm.withdraw(money)) {
                                System.out.println("请取走你的钞票.");
                            }
                            else {
                                System.out.println("余额不足!");
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        case 4: {
                            System.out.print("请输入转入账号: ");
                            String otherId = input.next();
                            System.out.print("请输入转账金额: ");
                            double money = input.nextDouble();
                            if (atm.transfer(otherId, money)) {
                                System.out.println("转账成功!");
                            }
                            else {
                                System.out.println("转账失败，请检查转入账号和账户余额是否正确.");
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        case 5:
                            System.out.print("请输入新密码: ");
                            String newPwd = input.next();
                            System.out.print("请再输入一次: ");
                            String rePwd = input.next();
                            if (newPwd.equals(rePwd)) {
                                atm.changePassword(newPwd);
                                System.out.println("密码已修改.");
                            }
                            else {
                                System.out.println("两次密码不一致.");
                            }
                            break;
                        case 6:
                            System.out.println("请取走你的卡.");
                            flag = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    System.out.println("输入密码错误次数超过3次，你的卡已经被回收.");
                }
            }
        }
        input.close();
    }
}

作业

1.描述宠物使用继承派生出猫、狗之类的
宠物类:

public class Pet {
    protected String name;
    protected boolean isAdult;
    protected String variety;
    
    public Pet(String name,String variety, boolean isAdult) {
        this.name = name;
        this.variety = variety;
        this.isAdult = isAdult;
    }
    public void sleep() {
        System.out.println("宠物" + name + "在睡觉.");
    }
    
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("宠物" + name + "在吃东西.");
    }
    
    public void mating() {
        if (isAdult) {
            System.out.println("宠物" + name + "正在交配.");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("宠物" + name + "还未成年.");
        }
    }
}

猫类:

public class Cat extends Pet {
    private String yell;
    
    public Cat(String name, String variety, boolean isAdult, String yell) {
        super(name, variety,isAdult);
        this.yell = yell;
    }
    
    public void catchMouse() {
        System.out.println(variety + name + "在抓老鼠.");
    }
    
    public void purr() {
        System.out.println(variety + name + "在叫: " + yell);
    }
}

Java学习笔记 - 第010天

每日要点

继承

protected

子类和父类

花括号

昨天作业讲解

作业

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