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Android音频开发之音频采集(MediaRecord)

Android音频开发之音频采集(MediaRecord)

作者: ZebraWei | 来源:发表于2019-11-06 11:06 被阅读0次

    版权声明:本文为卫伟学习总结文章,转载请注明出处!
    AudioRecord和MediaRecorder两种都可以录制音频,MediaRecorder已实现大量的封装,操作起来更加简单,而AudioRecord使用起来更加灵活,能实现更多的功能。
    1.AudioRecord(基于字节流录音)
    优点:可以实现语音的实时处理,进行边录边播,对音频的实时处理。
    缺点:输出是PCM的语言数据,如果保存成音频文件是不能被播放器播放的。要用到AudioTrack这个去进行处理。
    2.MediaRecorder(基于文件录音)
    已集成了录音,编码,压缩等,支持少量的音频格式文件。
    优点:封装度很高,操作简单
    缺点:无法实现实时处理音频,输出的音频格式少。
    MediaRecorder基于API介绍
    MediaRecorder是android中面向应用层的封装,用于提供便捷的音视频编码封装操作,在使用的过程中要严格按照官方指定的生命周期调用顺序,即下图所示的使用步骤

    从图中可以看出,MediaRecorder的生命周期有一下几个阶段,并且必须按顺序执行。
    • initial:在MediaRecorder被创建(刚new出来)或者调用reset()方法后,会处于该状态
    • initialized : 当调用setAudioSource()或者setVideoSource()后,处于该状态。这两个方法主要用于设置音视频的源配置,通常音频是麦克风,视频是摄像头。该状态可以通过调用reset()方法回到initial状态
    • DataSourceConfigured : 当调用setOutputFormat()方法后,会处于该状态。该方法主要用于设置输出的文件格式,可以是音视频如MP4,也可以是单独的音频如mp3。当处于该状态之后,可以进一步设置音频和视频的配置参数,例如音频封装格式,采样率,视频码率,帧率等等该状态可以通过调用reset()方法回到initial状态
    • Prepared :在上面几个步骤都配置好之后,可以通过调用prepare()方法进入该状态,只有处于该状态,才能调用start()
    • Recording :通过调用start()方法进入该状态,该状态就是真正开始进行视频录制编码的阶段,通过调用stop()或者reset()可以回到initial状态
    • error状态 :当录制过程中发生次错误时,会进入该状态,调用reset()方法回到initial状态。
    • release : 只有在initial状态才可以通过调用release()方法进入该状态,释放所占用的系统资源

    功能实现:MediaRecorder(这里需要注意,无论录制还是播放都时一个好耗时操作,需要在非主线程中去操作)

    private void initView() {
        tv_sendmsg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_stream_msg);
        tv_press_send = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_press_send);
        //实现触摸录音,松开录音结束     
        tv_press_send.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                switch(event.getAction()) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    startRecorder();
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    stopRecorder();
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
                return true;
            }
        });
    }
    

    开启一个单线程去实现录音功能,及失败操作:

    /**
     * 开启录音
     */
    private void startRecorder() {
        tv_press_send.setText("正在说话...");
        //提交后台任务,开始录音
        mExecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //释放上一次的录音
                releaseRecorder();
                Log.i("wewei","开始录音");
                //开始录音
                if(!doStart()) {
                    recorderFial();
                }
            }
        });
    }
    启动录音,及MediaRecorder的配置:
    
    /**
     * 启动录音
     * @return //录音是否启动成功
     */
    private boolean doStart() {
        try {
            Log.i("wewei","启动录音");
            //创建MediaRecorder
            mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
            // 创建录音文件
            mRecorderFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
                    + "/recorderdemo/" +System.currentTimeMillis() + ".m4a");
             if (!mRecorderFile.getParentFile().exists()) mRecorderFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
                mRecorderFile.createNewFile();
             //配置MediaRecorder
             
             // 从麦克风采集
             mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
             
             // 保存文件为MP4格式
             mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
             
             // 所有android系统都支持的适中采样的频率
             mMediaRecorder.setAudioSamplingRate(44100);
             
             //通用的AAC编码格式
             mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);
             
             //设置音质频率
             mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncodingBitRate(96000);
             
             //设置文件录音的位置
             mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(mRecorderFile.getAbsolutePath());
             
             //开始录音
             mMediaRecorder.prepare();
             mMediaRecorder.start();
             startRecorderTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
             Log.i("wewei","正在录音");
             
        } catch(Exception e) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "录音失败,请重试", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return false;
        }
        
        //记录开始录音时间,用于统计时长,小于3秒中,录音不发送
        return true;
    }
    

    停止录音操作:

     /**
     * 关闭录音
     * 
     * @return
     */
    private boolean doStop() {
        try {
            Log.i("wewei","关闭录音");
            mMediaRecorder.stop();
            stopRecorderTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            final int second = (int) (stopRecorderTime - startRecorderTime) / 1000;
            //按住时间小于3秒钟,算作录取失败,不进行发送s
            if(second < 3) return false;
            mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
    
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //tv_sendmsg.setText("录制成功:" + second + "秒");
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }
    

    释放MediaRecorder:

    /**
     * 释放上一次的录音
     */
    private void releaseRecorder() {
        if (mMediaRecorder != null) {
            mMediaRecorder.release();
            mMediaRecorder = null;
        }
    }
    

    录音的播放:使用MediaPlayer
    开启一个单线程,去播放:

    /**
     * 播放录音
     *
     * @param view
     */
    public void playrecorder(View view) {
        if (!mIsPlaying) {
            mExecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    doPlay(mRecorderFile);
                }
            });
    
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(FileActivity.this, "正在播放", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
    

    具体播放代码:

    /**
     * 播放
     * @param audioFile
     */
    private void doPlay(File audioFile) {
        Log.i("wewei","doPlay");
        Log.i("wewei","audioFile ====" +audioFile);
        try {
            //配置播放器mMediaPlayer
            mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(audioFile);       
            //设置声音文件
            mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(fis.getFD());
            //配置音量,中等音量
            mMediaPlayer.setVolume(1, 1);
            //播放是否循环
            mMediaPlayer.setLooping(false);
            
            //设置监听回调, 播放完毕
            mMediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() {
                
                @Override
                public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
                    stopPlayer();       
                    Log.i("wewei","播放完毕");
                }
            });
            
            mMediaPlayer.setOnErrorListener(new MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener() {
                
                @Override
                public boolean onError(MediaPlayer mp, int what, int extra) {
                    stopPlayer();
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"播放失败",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    return true;
                }
            });
            Log.i("wewei","prepare");
            //设置播放
            mMediaPlayer.prepare();
            mMediaPlayer.start();
            Log.i("wewei","正在播放");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Log.i("wewei","error :" +e.toString());
            stopPlayer();
        }
    }
    

    activity销毁后的onDestory的处理:

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //当activity关闭时,停止这个线程,防止内存泄漏
        mExecutorService.shutdownNow();
        releaseRecorder();
    }
    

    MediaRecord完整功能实现代码:

    package com.weiwei.mediarecordertest;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.media.MediaPlayer;
    import android.media.MediaRecorder;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.Environment;
    import android.os.Handler;
    import android.os.Looper;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.view.Menu;
    import android.view.MenuItem;
    import android.view.MotionEvent;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Button;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    /**
     * MediaRecorder 实现录音采集
     * MediaPlayer 实现录音播放
     * @author weiwei
     * 
     */
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private TextView tv_sendmsg;
    private TextView tv_press_send;
    private ExecutorService mExecutorService;
    private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;
    private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;
    private File mRecorderFile;
    private long startRecorderTime, stopRecorderTime;
    private Handler mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    private boolean mIsPlaying = false;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.send_file);
        setTitle("文件录音");
        initView();
        //录音JNI函数不具有线程安全型,因此用单线程
        mExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
    }
    
    private void initView() {
        tv_sendmsg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_stream_msg);
        tv_press_send = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_press_send);
        tv_press_send.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                switch(event.getAction()) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    startRecorder();
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    stopRecorder();
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
                return true;
            }
        });
    }
    
    /**
     * 开启录音
     */
    private void startRecorder() {
        tv_press_send.setText("正在说话...");
        //提交后台任务,开始录音
        mExecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //释放上一次的录音
                releaseRecorder();
                Log.i("wewei","开始录音");
                //开始录音
                if(!doStart()) {
                    recorderFial();
                }
            }
        });
    }
    
    /**
     * 释放上一次的录音
     */
    private void releaseRecorder() {
        if (mMediaRecorder != null) {
            mMediaRecorder.release();
            mMediaRecorder = null;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 启动录音
     * @return //录音是否启动成功
     */
    private boolean doStart() {
        try {
            Log.i("wewei","启动录音");
            //创建MediaRecorder
            mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
            // 创建录音文件
            mRecorderFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
                    + "/recorderdemo/" +System.currentTimeMillis() + ".m4a");
             if (!mRecorderFile.getParentFile().exists()) mRecorderFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
                mRecorderFile.createNewFile();
             //配置MediaRecorder
             
             // 从麦克风采集
             mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
             
             // 保存文件为MP4格式
             mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
             
             // 所有android系统都支持的适中采样的频率
             mMediaRecorder.setAudioSamplingRate(44100);
             
             //通用的AAC编码格式
             mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);
             
             //设置音质频率
             mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncodingBitRate(96000);
             
             //设置文件录音的位置
             mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(mRecorderFile.getAbsolutePath());
             
             //开始录音
             mMediaRecorder.prepare();
             mMediaRecorder.start();
             startRecorderTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
             Log.i("wewei","正在录音");
             
        } catch(Exception e) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "录音失败,请重试", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return false;
        }
        
        //记录开始录音时间,用于统计时长,小于3秒中,录音不发送
        return true;
    }
    
    /**
     * 关闭录音
     * 
     * @return
     */
    private boolean doStop() {
        try {
            Log.i("wewei","关闭录音");
            mMediaRecorder.stop();
            stopRecorderTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            final int second = (int) (stopRecorderTime - startRecorderTime) / 1000;
            //按住时间小于3秒钟,算作录取失败,不进行发送s
            if(second < 3) return false;
            mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
    
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //tv_sendmsg.setText("录制成功:" + second + "秒");
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    /**
     * 录音失败逻辑
     */
    private void recorderFial() {
        mRecorderFile = null;
        mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                tv_press_send.setText("录音失败请重新录音");
            }
        });
    }
    
    /**
     * 停止录音
     */
    private void stopRecorder() {
        tv_press_send.setText("停止录音");
        //提交后台任务,停止录音
        mExecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if(!doStop()) {
                    recorderFial();
                }
                releaseRecorder();
            }
        });
    }
    
    /**
     * 播放录音
     * 
     * @param view
     */
    public void playrecorder(View view) {
        Log.i("wewei","mIsPlaying =" +mIsPlaying);
        if(!mIsPlaying) {
            mExecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {
    
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    doPlay(mRecorderFile);
                }
            });
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "正在播放", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 播放
     * @param audioFile
     */
    private void doPlay(File audioFile) {
        Log.i("wewei","doPlay");
        Log.i("wewei","audioFile ====" +audioFile);
        try {
            //配置播放器mMediaPlayer
            mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(audioFile);       
            //设置声音文件
            mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(fis.getFD());
            //配置音量,中等音量
            mMediaPlayer.setVolume(1, 1);
            //播放是否循环
            mMediaPlayer.setLooping(false);
            
            //设置监听回调, 播放完毕
            mMediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() {
                
                @Override
                public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
                    stopPlayer();       
                    Log.i("wewei","播放完毕");
                }
            });
            
            mMediaPlayer.setOnErrorListener(new MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener() {
                
                @Override
                public boolean onError(MediaPlayer mp, int what, int extra) {
                    stopPlayer();
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"播放失败",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    return true;
                }
            });
            Log.i("wewei","prepare");
            //设置播放
            mMediaPlayer.prepare();
            mMediaPlayer.start();
            Log.i("wewei","正在播放");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Log.i("wewei","error :" +e.toString());
            stopPlayer();
        }
    }
    
    private void stopPlayer() {
        Log.i("wewei","stopPlayer");
        mIsPlaying = false;
        mMediaPlayer.release();
        mMediaPlayer = null;
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //当activity 关闭时,停止这个线程,防止内存泄漏
        mExecutorService.shutdownNow();
        releaseRecorder();
    }
    
    生成的.m4a格式的音频文件

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