只有在Android平台，才启用了CC_ENABLE_CACHE_TEXTURE_DATA

#if (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_ANDROID) || (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_WINRT) 
    #define CC_ENABLE_CACHE_TEXTURE_DATA       1
#else
    #define CC_ENABLE_CACHE_TEXTURE_DATA       0
#endif

在CCParticleSystem中

 if( dictionary.find("textureImageData") != dictionary.end() ){
     // ...
     // For android, we should retain it in VolatileTexture::addImage which invoked in Director::getInstance()->getTextureCache()->addUIImage()
    image = new (std::nothrow) Image();
    bool isOK = image->initWithImageData(deflated, deflatedLen);
    CCASSERT(isOK, "CCParticleSystem: error init image with Data");
    CC_BREAK_IF(!isOK);
    auto texture = Director::getInstance()->getTextureCache()->addImage(image, _plistFile + textureName);// texture.ref=1
    setTexture(texture);// texture.ref=2

    image->release();// 无法释放
}

注释中也说明了，在Android平台，Image会额外的retain一次，所以这个的image->release()是无法释放的，所以这就造成了内存泄露

image->release()无法释放的原因：

CCTextureCache.cpp中

Texture2D* TextureCache::addImage(Image* image, const std::string& key){
    // ...
    #if CC_ENABLE_CACHE_TEXTURE_DATA
        VolatileTextureMgr::addImage(texture, image);
    #endif
}

std::list<VolatileTexture*> VolatileTextureMgr::_textures;

void VolatileTextureMgr::addImage(Texture2D* tt, Image* image)
{
    if (tt == nullptr || image == nullptr)
        return;

    VolatileTexture* vt = findVolotileTexture(tt);
    image->retain(); // retain
    vt->_uiImage = image;// 同一个plist，第二次创建是，tt都是同一个，但是image发生了变化，直接复制就让之前的image变成了野指针
    vt->_cashedImageType = VolatileTexture::kImage;
}
VolatileTexture* VolatileTextureMgr::findVolotileTexture(Texture2D* tt)
{
    VolatileTexture* vt = nullptr;
    for (const auto& texture : _textures)
    {
        VolatileTexture* v = texture;
        if (v->_texture == tt)
        {
            vt = v;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!vt)
    {
        vt = new (std::nothrow) VolatileTexture(tt);
        _textures.push_back(vt);
    }

    return vt;
}
VolatileTexture::VolatileTexture(Texture2D* t)
    : _texture(t) // 对应的纹理
{
}

ParticleSystem::~ParticleSystem()
{
    _particleData.release();
    CC_SAFE_RELEASE(_texture);// texture.ref=2，无法释放
}

Texture2D::~Texture2D()
{
#if CC_ENABLE_CACHE_TEXTURE_DATA
    VolatileTextureMgr::removeTexture(this);// 导致这个无法释放
#endif
}
void VolatileTextureMgr::removeTexture(Texture2D* t)
{
    for (auto& item : _textures)
    {
        VolatileTexture* vt = item;
        if (vt->_texture == t)// 对应的纹理
        {
            _textures.remove(vt);
            delete vt;
            break;
        }
    }
}
VolatileTexture::~VolatileTexture()
{
    CC_SAFE_RELEASE(_uiImage);
}

Sprite为啥没有这个问题呢？

Texture2D* addImage(Image *image, const std::string &key);// 有vt
Texture2D* addImage(const std::string &filepath, bool bSpriteFrame);// 没有vt