人类所遭受的最大折磨是心理疾病

问：在几年前的一场Sathsang上你提到过人类所遭受的最大折磨是心理疾病。是什么造成了一个人突然有心理疾病？他们有没有任何可能或者希望能从疾病中走出来并且停止用药？

Sadhguru: If you have witnessed it, you know there is no other suffering like mental illness because the human mind has enormous capabilities. If these capabilities work in your favor, life becomes fantastic. If they work against you, there is no escape because the stimuli for suffering is not even coming from outside. If the stimuli for your suffering were coming from your neighbor, your mother-in-law or your boss, you could run away. Nobody can cause suffering to you, mentally. They do things and you react to it in a certain way. But if you come to a place where, without anyone doing anything, suffering is simply happening, it is a psychological condition.

Sadhguru（萨古鲁）：如果你有见证过，你会知道没有什么是比心理疾病更折磨人的，因为人类的头脑具有极大的能力。如果这些能力用对了，生命会变得不可思议。如果它们对抗你，你会无路可逃，因为造成折磨的源头甚至不是来自外在。如果使你受折磨的刺激是来自于你的邻居、岳母或你的老板，你可以逃跑。心理上，没有人能使你受折磨。别人做出某种行为，然后你以某种方式回应。但是如果别人什么也没做，你却也受折磨，如果你到了这种地步，那就是一种心理疾病。

How does one come out of it? It depends on the level of damage. There are some who can come out of it, but in some pathological cases, it would have manifested in a physical form in the brain. Such conditions have to be supported chemically from outside. Sedating it is largely what people are doing, but you cannot just put down one aspect of your mind or brain – the whole system gets affected.

那如何从中走出来？这取决于受伤害的程度。有些人能走出来，但在一些病例中，它已经反应到大脑的病变中。这种状况需要外在的化学药物支持。大多数人是靠服用镇静剂，但是你无法只是抑制大脑的一部分——整个系统都会受到影响。

The line between sanity and insanity is very thin. Many of you enjoy crossing it. Suppose you burst out on someone in anger and they got scared and did what you wanted. You will say, “You know what? I got really mad at him and he immediately squirmed and did what I wanted.” You got mad and you came back, so you seem to enjoy it. Suppose you got mad and did not come back, then it is a different matter.

理智和疯狂之间的界限是非常小的。你们很多人很享受跨越这个界限的感觉。比如说你对一个人很生气地大声喊叫，他们害怕了，做了你想要他们做的事。你会说，“你知道吗？我对他真的发怒了，他立马感到不安，然后做了我想要他做的事。”你发怒了然后又回到正常，你似乎很享受这样。假如说你发怒了，然后无法回到正常，那就是另外一回事了。

You keep crossing the line with anger, hatred, jealousy, alcohol or drugs. You are crossing the line of sanity, enjoying the little bit of madness that you go through, and coming back. I want you to know that many of the people who have lost it were perfectly “normal” people like you. Just one day, it is gone. Something fused out and suddenly they are on the streets.

你不断跨越那条界线，通过愤怒、仇恨、嫉妒、酒精或毒品。你跨越理智的界限，享受一小会儿疯狂，然后又回到正常。我想让你知道，很多丧失理智的人都曾是像你一样完全“正常”的人。只是某一天，就不再是了。某种东西短路了，突然之间他们就回不来了。

You keep crossing the line with anger, hatred, jealousy, alcohol or drugs. You are crossing the line of sanity, enjoying the little bit of madness that you go through, and coming back.

你不断跨越那条界线，通过愤怒、仇恨、嫉妒、酒精或毒品。你跨越理智的界限，享受一小会儿疯狂，然后又回到正常。

It is like how the physical body can get ailments. You could be fine today, but tomorrow morning your doctor tells you something. These things happen to people every day. Similar things can happen to the mind. At least if it happens to your body, you will get sympathy from everyone around you. When it happens to your mind, you do not get sympathy; no one wants to be anywhere around you because it is very difficult. You do not know when they are acting up or when it is for real – you cannot make a judgment. When they are acting up, you want to get tough on them, when it is real, you have to be compassionate with them. It is a tightrope walk; it is not easy. It is painful for that person and even more painful for people around them.

这和你身体疾病的发生是一回事。你今天可能没事，明天早晨医生却告诉你有问题。每天都有这样的事情发生。同样地，心理疾病也是这样。如果你的身体出了问题，至少你会从你身边的每一个人那里得到同情。但如果你的头脑出了问题，你不会得到同情；没有人想要靠近你，因为那真的太不容易了。你不知道他们什么时候是在胡闹，什么时候是真的发病——你没法判断。当他们胡闹的时候，你得对他们强硬，当他们真的发病的时候，你必须对他们富有同情。那像是在走钢索，不容易的。患病的人是痛苦的，而在他身边的人甚至更加受苦。

We need to build structures in society where the margin for mental illness is very low. Why I go back pining for the culture that existed in this land is because about 200 to 300 years ago, there were hardly any mentally ill people in this country simply because of certain structures in the society. Slowly, without awareness, we are pulling it down. Today, even in villages, there are psychologically broken people, which was never so in the past. If it happened, it was an extremely negligible percentage of people. The percentage is increasing. You can distinctly see that in so-called “affluent” societies, the percentage is becoming quite high. This is because a human being is a social animal unless he transcends certain things. Either we should work for transcendence or we should create a society which is supportive, which is not demanding. Right now, the social structures that we have created are horribly demanding.

我们必须建造一个社会结构，使得患心理疾病的几率很小。为什么我想要回到曾经存在于这片土地上的文化，是因为在200-300年前，这个国家很少有心理疾病患者，而这仅仅是因为当时的社会结构。逐渐地，不知不觉地，这种结构被我们瓦解了。今天，甚至在乡下都存在着患心理疾病的人，这在过去从未发生。即使有，也是小到可以忽略的比例。这个比例正在上升。你可以明显地看到在那些所谓“富裕”的社会里，这个比例相当高。这是因为人类是社会动物，除非他超越某些东西。要么我们应该致力于超越，要么我们应该构建一个支持性，而非苛求性的社会。如今，我们构建的社会结构十分苛刻。

This is happening to urban India, but it has happened even more so in the West. If you want to live in America, even if you fast for the next 30 days, your bills will still add up to 3,000 dollars. The society is structured in such a way that it is very demanding on the individual person – someone cannot take a break and just sit down. Not everyone may be capable of continually being on. A whole lot of people need to withdraw from certain things. If there is sufficient sadhana in their life, then you can drive them 24 hours, 365 days because life is brief and we don’t want to sit back. But if there is no sadhana, it is very important that people have space and time.

这种情况发生在印度，但西方国家更是如此。如果你想住在美国，即便你接下来30天都不吃饭，你的帐单仍会高达3000美元。这个社会的结构是这样的，它对于个人极为严苛——一个人不能坐下来休息一会儿。不是每个人都有能力一直运转着。很多人需要从某些事情上解脱出来。如果在他们的生活中有足够的Sadhana（灵性练习），那你可以让他们365天一天24小时都运转着，因为生命短暂，我们不想只是坐着无所事事。但如果没有灵性练习，对人们来说拥有他们自己的空间和时间就很重要。

We have created societies which are a constant challenge to live in, always in a mode of competition. There is something called “fight and flight” response within the human being. Irresponsibly, people are using the words, “I like the adrenaline.” You do not understand what adrenaline is. Adrenaline is an emergency device in the system. If a tiger comes at you, adrenaline pumps so that you can escape. But if you simply pump adrenaline and go walking in New York City, you will burst. You are not supposed to be in that state all the time. If you do not die, you will break.

我们创造了一个持续挑战的社会，总是处于一种竞争的模式中。在人类内部有一种叫做“战斗和逃跑”的反应。人们不负责任地在用“我喜欢肾上腺素”这样的字眼。你不明白肾上腺素是什么。肾上腺素是系统中的应急设备。如果有一只老虎扑向你，肾上腺素会让你逃脱。但是，如果你只是在纽约打肾上腺素，然后去散步，你就会出问题。你不应该一直处于那种状态。如果你不死，你就会崩溃。

Our education systems are horribly demanding. Not everyone is geared for it. For someone, it may be a cakewalk. For somebody else, they may read one sentence 25 times and not get it, but they may be capable of doing something else. “No, we don’t allow them to do something else. They must do this first.” There are so many horribly cruel structures – these are not structures for the well-being of the human being. We are trying to manufacture cogs for a larger machine we have built. We want the machine to live; we do not care what happens to the individual human being. We need to produce parts for that big machine we have built which is fake; it may collapse any time. If you are not made of the material to make a proper part for that big machine, you will break in so many ways.

我们的教育体系非常苛刻。并不是每个人都适合它。对某些人来说，这可能是轻而易举的。对于其他人来说，他们可能读了25遍，却仍没有理解，但是他们可能有能力做别的事情。“不，我们不允许他们做别的事情。他们必须先做这件事。”有这么多可怕的残酷的结构——这些结构不是为了人类的福祉而建立的。我们正试图着为我们所建造的更大的机器制造齿轮。我们想让机器活下去；我们不关心个体的人类发生了什么。我们需要为我们所建造的那台大机器制造零件。它是假的；它随时都可能倒塌。如果你不是由为那台大机器制作合适零件的材料所构成的，你就会在很多方面崩溃。

There are some who have come with pathological situations within themselves which may naturally occur, but that is a small percentage. We are responsible for breaking the rest of them.

有些人天生就有些心理状况，可能会自然发病，但那是很小的一部分。我们对解决剩下的那部分人负有责任。

A human being needs a certain level of psychological, emotional, and physical space, and a certain atmosphere for him to be nurtured. Those atmospheres are missing right from day one; even an infant is not getting it anymore. There was a time when the mother held the infant to her breast and was not bothered by the time. Now she looks at her watch, “Why don’t you drink fast? I have to go!” One week after her delivery, she is back in the workspace. I am not saying women should not work. I am saying human beings should live well. If human beings have to live well, there are certain inner realities. A child should grow up without concern about what will happen to him. But from the first day of school, he is worried about getting two marks less than the neighbor’s child. This is all rubbish. This will destroy human beings and we think this is performance, well-being and efficiency – no. If you break the human being, what is the purpose of the rubbish that you have created?

一个人在心理、情感、身体上需要一定空间，以及某种能够滋养他的氛围。这种氛围在他来到这个世界的第一天就是缺失的；甚至一个婴儿也不再能得到。曾经，一个母亲会抱着婴儿在她胸前哺乳，不管多长时间。如今她会看表，“你怎么不喝快一点？我要走了！”分娩后一个星期，她便回到了工作的地方。我不是在说女人不该工作，我是在说人类应该活得好一点。如果人类需要活得好一点，有一些内在现实是必要的。一个孩子成长时不应该担心他的未来会怎样。但从第一天到学校，他就担心比邻居家的孩子少拿两分。这些都是垃圾。这会摧毁人类，但我们却认为这是成绩、幸福和效率——不，如果你击跨了人类，那你创造的这些垃圾还有什么用？

There are some who have come with pathological situations within themselves which may naturally occur, but that is a small percentage. We are responsible for breaking the rest of them. But what is the way out for the person who is already there? If they have crossed a certain line, medicine is a must. Over a period of time, if we work with some sadhana in parallel, it could work better; the dependence on the chemical medicine could be lowered.

有些人天生就有些心理状况，可能会自然发病，但那是很小的一部分。我们对解决剩下的那部分人负有责任。但对一个已经患病的人，出路在哪里？如果他们已超出了一定界限，药物是必须的。一段时间内，如果我们同时配合一些Sadhana（灵性练习），作用会更好，对化学药物的依赖会下降。

Above all, each individual is not the same in the body, and even more so in the mind. There is no particular way; it is difficult. If you want to create a healthy atmosphere to take care of such people, it will take a whole lot of infrastructure – both material and human infrastructure. Unfortunately, I do not think anyone is willing to invest so much material and people towards that.

重要的是，每个人在身体层面都是不同的，在头脑层面更是如此。所以没有特定的方法。总的来说比较难。如果你想为那些人创造一个健康的氛围，则需要很多的基础设施——包括物质方面的和人员。不幸的是，我不认为谁有意愿为此投资那么多的人力物力。

It will take a lot of expertise, caring, and a certain level of involvement to bring them out of that. Even then, you may not totally bring them out. Within their limitations, you could make them comfortable so that they are not suffering. But it needs a lot of dedicated attention to that and a certain level of expertise and empathy.

这需要很多的专业知识、关爱，以及某种程度的投入来帮助他们走出来。即便如此，你也许也无法把他们完全带出来。在他们自身的限制范围内，你可以使他们感到舒服而不再受折磨。但这需要很多的专注、奉献以及某种程度的专业知识与同理心。

原文链接：

isha.sadhguru.org/us/en/wisdom/sadhguru-spot/understanding-mental-illness