Nmap都能提供保证安全所需的知识水平和先发制人的思想

Ax_概述

Nmap是Network Mapper的缩写，是一种网络发现和安全审计工具。它以简单易记的标志着称，提供强大的扫描选项。Nmap被网络管理员广泛用于扫描

Nmap是hacker最常用的工具之一。它的易用性和清洁安装以及强大的扫描选项使其更受欢迎。

https://nmap.org官方网站

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Bx_使用目的

• 打开端口和服务
• 发现服务及其版本
• 猜猜在目标机器上运行的操作系统
• 获取准确的数据包路由直到目标计算机
• 监控主机

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Cx_使用方法

Cx_a-安装

Cx_axa_Windows安装

要安装Nmap，请从命令行或从PowerShell运行以下命令：

choco install nmap

更新

choco upgrade nmap

Cx_axb_Linux安装

wget http://nmap.org/dist/nmap-7.01.tar.bz2
tar -xvf nmap-7.01.tar.bz2 
./configure     //root权限
 //未安装gcc，安装gcc
yum install gcc  
yum install g++  
//安装nmap
make
make install
nmap -v

Cx_b-使用

Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
  -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
  -sU: UDP Scan
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
  -sO: IP protocol scan
  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
  -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
  --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
  -sC: equivalent to --script=default
  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
           directories, script-files or script-categories
  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
  --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
           script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
  -O: Enable OS detection
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
      probe round trip time.
  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
  -e <iface>: Use specified interface
  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
  --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
  --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
  -V: Print version number
  -h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES

nmap [ <扫描类型> ...] [ <选项> ] { <扫描目标说明> }
#扫描技术
---
-sS    TCP同步扫描（TCP SYN）
-ST    TCP连接扫描
-sn    不进行端口扫描，只检查主机正在运行。该选项与老版本的-sP相同
-sU    扫描UDP端口
-sA    TCP ack端口扫描

---
#主机发现
-Pn    只进行扫描，不ping主机
-sn    只有主机发现
-n     不进行DNS解析，加快扫描速度
-PS    使用SYN包对目标主机进行扫描。默认是80端口，也可以指定端口，格式为-PS22或-PS22-25,80,113,1050,35000，记住PS和端口号之间不要有空格
-PR    在本地网络上发现arp
-PU    使用udp ping扫描端口
---
#端口范围
-p<端口>        指定要扫描的端口，可以是一个单独的端口，也可以用逗号分隔开多
-P- 扫描所有端口
-F  快速端口扫描
---
#服务版本和操作系统检测
-O     激活对TCP/IP指纹特征（fingerprinting）的扫描，获得远程主机的标志，也就是操作系统类型
-A     主动扫描
-sV    探测服务版本信息
-V     显示扫描过程中的详细信息*
--
#时间和性能
-T0 偏执的IDS逃避
-T1 鬼鬼祟祟的IDS逃避
-T2 礼貌的IDS逃避
-T3 正常的IDS逃避
-T4 积极的速度扫描
-T5 疯狂的速度扫描 这翻译有点问题。。不过可以看懂，就是越来越快
---
#NSE脚本
-sC 默认脚本扫描
-script横幅   横幅抓住
---
#IDS逃避
-F  使用分段的IP数据包
-D  诱饵扫描
-G  使用给定的源端口号
---
#其它
-S<IP>          设置扫描的源IP地址
-g port         设置扫描的源端口
-oN             把扫描的结果重定向到文件中
-iL filename    从文件中读取扫描的目标一个端口，或者使用“-”表示端口范围

-exclude        排除指定主机
-excludefile    排除指定文件中的主机

• 全面进攻性扫描（包括各种主机发现、端口扫描、版本扫描、OS扫描及默认脚本扫描）:

nmap -A -v target_ip

• Ping扫描:

nmap -sn -v target_ip

• 快速端口扫描:

nmap -F -v target_ip

• 版本扫描:

nmap -sV -v target_ip 

• 操作系统扫描:

nmap -O -v target_ip

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扫描局域网内所有的IP

nmap 0.0.0.0/24

范围扫描

nmap -sn 10.0.0.1-10 #<=可以使用这种地进范围进行扫描。

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nmap -v -p 1-65535 <ip address>

这貌似是图形化的Nmap,叫Zenmap
nmap -T4 -A -v 192.168.0.168

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示例：

查询主机开发端口

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