1. 句子的形成
1.1 名字或名词短语作主语
动名词和不定式短语作主语的区别：
不定式短语：表示理想/，目的，计划， 还没做过: To study abroad is my dream. To see him is my purpose.
不定式短语太长(脑袋太大)，用虚的主语it
It is my plan to study abroad with my friend who is called John.
动名词短语： 已经做过，表事实，有经验： Working with him is fun.
It is fun to learn English with Peter.
1.2 从句作主语
名词从句，句子变成名词作主语： That he loves me is true.
That he studies very hard is true. ---> It is true that he studies hard.
That he disagrees with me makes me angry.
虚代词 It：
It makes me angry that he does not agree with me.
名词从句
1）戴： That 引导的名词从句
2）慧：whether 开头的 【一般问句，用Yes Or No 回答时，前面+ whether (问句不能做主语)】
Whether she is beautiful remains to be seen.
Whether he will come remains to be seen.
3）怡：疑问词开头的问句，保留疑问词, 倒装
Where he will go is still a question.
名字短语作主语, 名词从句简化过来
Where to go / What to do / When to come/ Whom to see/ How to do it
但是 Why 无法形成名词短语
1.3 表示距离或时间的介词短语作主语
From Beijing to Guangzhou is a long distance. (From A to B)
From 1990 till 2003 is a long period of time.
2. 动词的分类法
我____他 他被我____； 通的话，通常为及物；
完全 vi；1） He/I danced. 完全不及物（SV，意思完全） 2）be+ ing He was dancing.
不完全vi （SV意思不完全，要加补足语）
a. become
He became knowledgeable/ handsome/ a good doctor.
b. be 动词， 1）表示“是”，加名词作补足语 2）be+ adj The box is bulky. 3) 表示“在”，场所的副词状语或介词短语 He is at the station. I am here. 4）表示正在
c. get 表示 “变成”的意思，用生气的adj作补足语。 He got mad/ angry. 表示 "被" + 过去分词 He got hurt/ killed.
d. turn, 表示变成+颜色作不足 His face turned pale. The leaves are turning yellow.
完全vt
1）SVO I love them. I hit them. 2) S+be+ing I was hitting him. 3) S+Be+过去分词 He was hit.
不完全vt
1) 叫某人做什么事 I made/had him wash the car. 吩咐 bid/bade I bade him wash/ to wash the car. get: I will get him to take care of it. I got him to sing a song.
2) 让某人做什么事 I will let him sing a song. I made him happy. I will have me do the work.
3) 迫使，促使，强迫,不定式作补语 I will push/force him to do the work. That story caused me to cry. = made me cry
授予动词 give, buy, lend; require, ask, demand, rob, deprive, ease
I give him a car.
I require/demand nothing/a lot/much of him.
He robbed me of my money.
The court deprived him of all his rights.
He eased me of my burden.
3.1 五大基本句型
(1) 主词+ 完全vi He fainted. He slept. He went away.
(2) 主词+ 不完全 vi He is good. He looks happy.
(3) 主词+ 完全vt+ 授词 1）He ate it. (SVO) 3）表示意愿的动词，不定式作宾语He desires to do it. He plans to do it. 3）I wonder when he will come. 疑问词引导的名词子句作授词
(4) 主词+ 不完全vt+ 授词 We elect him chairman.
(5) 主词+授予动词+间接、直接宾语 I gave him a book. I wrote a letter to him.
3.3 感叹句
what: 多么的...相当于adj
What a beautiful girl she is! What a nice car he has! What a great man he is! What a good boy you have made him.
What great men they are! What good music it is. (You've got to face the music. 面对不好的现实)
How: 多么地...相当于adv
How great he is! How hard she studies! How great a man he is! (how之后只能单数可数名词)
但 How+数量形容词(many/few/much/little) How many students there are in the classroom!
How few friends he has! How much money he made! How little time it remains!
3.2 命令句
3.3 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
Are they happy about it? Isn't he happy? Won't he join us in writing the letter? (join sb in doing sth)
有助动词： Can they handle the problem? Hasn't he reported to the committee?
Did he leave early? Do they enjoy dancing?
Where will you go? Who is he? Where do you live? Who did he see? Who do you work with? (问的时候不用管授词) Why did he cry? Which of the three glasses was broken? Who came? What happened?
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