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使用Spring Boot集成邮件发送

使用Spring Boot集成邮件发送

作者: 天高云淡623 | 来源:发表于2020-02-22 20:22 被阅读0次

    #引入依赖

    在Spring Boot中发送邮件,需要用到spring-boot-starter-mail,引入spring-boot-starter-mail:

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>

    </dependency>

    #邮件配置

    在application.yml中进行简单的配置(使用网易163邮箱):

    server:

      port: 80

    spring:

      mail:

        host: smtp.163.com

        username: 账号

        password: 第三方授权登录密码

        properties:

          mail:

            smtp:

              auth: true

              starttls:

                enable: true

                required: true

    #发送简单的邮件

    编写EmailController,注入JavaMailSender:

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

    import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

    @RestController

    @RequestMapping("/email")

    public class EmailController {

        @Autowired

        private JavaMailSender jms;

        @Value("${spring.mail.username}")

        private String from;

        @RequestMapping("sendSimpleEmail")

        public String sendSimpleEmail() {

            try {

                SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();

                message.setFrom(from);

                message.setTo("668899@163.com"); // 接收地址

                message.setSubject("普通邮件"); // 标题

                message.setText("普通邮件内容。"); // 内容

                jms.send(message);

                return "success";

            } catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

                return e.getMessage();

            }

        }

    }

    测试访问http://localhost/email/sendSimpleEmail

    #发送HTML格式的邮件

    EmailController,SimpleMailMessage替换为MimeMessage:

    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

    import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

    @RestController

    @RequestMapping("/email")

    public class EmailController {

        @Autowired

        private JavaMailSender jms;

        @Value("${spring.mail.username}")

        private String from;

        @RequestMapping("sendHtmlEmail")

        public String sendHtmlEmail() {

            MimeMessage message = null;

            try {

                message = jms.createMimeMessage();

                MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);

                helper.setFrom(from);

                helper.setTo("668899@163.com"); // 接收地址

                helper.setSubject("HTML格式的邮件"); // 标题

                // 带HTML格式的内容

                StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("<p style='color:#6db33f'>HTML格式邮件的内容。</p>");

                helper.setText(sb.toString(), true);

                jms.send(message);

                return "success";

            } catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

                return e.getMessage();

            }

        }

    }

    helper.setText(sb.toString(), true);中的true表示发送HTML格式邮件。启动项目,测试访问http://localhost/email/sendHtmlEmail,提示"success",可看到文本已经加上了颜色#6db33f:

    #发送带附件的邮件

    发送带附件的邮件和普通邮件相比,其实就只是多了个传入附件的过程。不过使用的仍是MimeMessage:

    package com.springboot.demo.controller;

    import java.io.File;

    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

    import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;

    import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

    @RestController

    @RequestMapping("/email")

    public class EmailController {

        @Autowired

        private JavaMailSender jms;

        @Value("${spring.mail.username}")

        private String from;

        @RequestMapping("sendAttachmentsMail")

        public String sendAttachmentsMail() {

            MimeMessage message = null;

            try {

                message = jms.createMimeMessage();

                MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);

                helper.setFrom(from);

                helper.setTo("668899@163.com"); // 接收地址

                helper.setSubject("带附件的邮件"); // 标题

                helper.setText("详情参见附件内容!"); // 内容

                // 传入附件

                FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File("src/main/resources/static/file/测试.docx"));

                helper.addAttachment("测试.docx", file);

                jms.send(message);

                return "success";

            } catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

                return e.getMessage();

            }

        }

    }

    测试访问http://localhost/email/sendAttachmentsMail,提示“success”:

    #发送带静态资源的邮件

    发送带静态资源的邮件其实就是在发送HTML邮件的基础上嵌入静态资源(比如图片),嵌入静态资源的过程和传入附件类似,唯一的区别在于需要标识资源的cid:

    package com.springboot.demo.controller;

    import java.io.File;

    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

    import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;

    import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

    @RestController

    @RequestMapping("/email")

    public class EmailController {

        @Autowired

        private JavaMailSender jms;

        @Value("${spring.mail.username}")

        private String from;

        @RequestMapping("sendInlineMail")

        public String sendInlineMail() {

            MimeMessage message = null;

            try {

                message = jms.createMimeMessage();

                MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);

                helper.setFrom(from);

                helper.setTo("668899@163.com"); // 接收地址

                helper.setSubject("带静态资源的邮件"); // 标题

                helper.setText("<html><body>图片:<img src='cid:img'/></body></html>", true); // 内容

                // 传入附件

                FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File("src/main/resources/static/img/mv.png"));

                helper.addInline("img", file);

                jms.send(message);

                return "success";

            } catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

                return e.getMessage();

            }

        }

    }

    helper.addInline("img", file);中的img和图片标签里cid后的名称相对应。启动项目访问http://localhost/email/sendInlineMail,提示"success":

    #使用模板发送邮件

    在发送验证码等情况下可以创建一个邮件的模板,唯一的变量为验证码。这个例子中使用的模板解析引擎为Thymeleaf,所以首先引入Thymeleaf依赖:

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>

    </dependency>

    在template目录下创建一个emailTemplate.html模板:

    <!DOCTYPE html>

    <html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8" />

        <title>验证码</title>

    </head>

    <body>

        您好,您的验证码为{code},五分钟内有效。

    </body>

    </html>

    发送模板邮件,本质上还是发送HTML邮件,只不过多了绑定变量的过程:

    ackage com.springboot.demo.controller;

    import java.io.File;

    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

    import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;

    import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

    import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;

    import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

    @RestController

    @RequestMapping("/email")

    public class EmailController {

        @Autowired

        private JavaMailSender jms;

        @Value("${spring.mail.username}")

        private String from;

        @Autowired

        private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

        @RequestMapping("sendTemplateEmail")

        public String sendTemplateEmail(String code) {

            MimeMessage message = null;

            try {

                message = jms.createMimeMessage();

                MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);

                helper.setFrom(from);

                helper.setTo("668899@163.com"); // 接收地址

                helper.setSubject("邮件摸板测试"); // 标题

                // 处理邮件模板

                Context context = new Context();

                context.setVariable("code", code);

                String template = templateEngine.process("emailTemplate", context);

                helper.setText(template, true);

                jms.send(message);

                return "success";

            } catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

                return e.getMessage();

            }

        }

    }

    其中code对应模板里的${code}变量。启动项目,访问http://localhost/email/sendTemplateEmail?code=QW58,提示"success":

    原文参考:https://mrbird.cc/Spring-Boot-Email.html

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          本文标题:使用Spring Boot集成邮件发送

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