k8s组件功能介绍
image.png
- etcd保存了整个集群的状态
- apiserver提供了资源操作的唯一入口，并提供认证、授权、访问控制、API注册和发现等机制
- controller manager负责维护集群的状态，比如故障检测、自动扩展、滚动更新等
- scheduler负责资源的调度，按照预定的调度策略将Pod调度到相应的机器上
- kubelet负责维护容器的生命周期，同时也负责Volume（CVI）和网络（CNI）的管理
- kube-proxy负责为Service提供cluster内部的服务发现和负载均衡
- Ingress Controller为服务提供外网入口
k8s的概念介绍
Namespace
Namespace是对一组资源和对象的抽象集合，比如可以用来将系统内部的对象划分为不同的项目组或用户组。常见的pods, services, replication controllers和deployments等都是属于某一个namespace的（默认是default），而node, persistentVolumes等则不属于任何namespace。
Namespace常用来隔离不同的用户，比如Kubernetes自带的服务一般运行在kube-system namespace中。
(1) 命令行直接创建
$ kubectl create namespace new-namespace
(2) 通过文件创建
$ cat my-namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: new-namespace
$ kubectl create -f ./my-namespace.yaml
-----------------------------------------------------------
删除命名空间
kubectl delete namespaces new-namespace
1.删除一个namespace会自动删除所有属于该namespace的资源。
2.default和kube-system命名空间不可删除。
yum 安装k8s软件
yum install -y kubelet-1.19.0 kubectl-1.19.0 kubeadm-1.19.0
- 在master执行初始化节点
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.19.0 --apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.3.166 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --service-cidr=192.168.0.1/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.10.0.0/16 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap,NumCPU
- 初始化过程会遇到提示Cgroup必须为systemd的问题，修改方法如下:
通过 docker info | grep Cgroup查看当前Cgroup
通过修改/etc/docker/daemon.json 文件，加入以下内容
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
然后执行systemctl restart docker
- 初始化过程遇到提示未关闭交换内存
running with swap on is not supported. Please disable swap，修改方法如下:
swapoff -a && sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab
初始化成功会出现如下提示:
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
1. mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
2. sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
3. sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
4. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 10.0.3.166:6443 --token 1laxen.38bzx8hzul2ikbfk \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2df1e08577b6f8671bb19a7eaa2bdb9142040d370dae282d94b3001cf61619ab
-
按上述成功的步骤执行上述1-3步骤的语句，其中第4句是进行k8s的网络设置
1-3步骤执行完毕后，查看k8s的master节点的组件运行情况 - 执行kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
scheduler Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
会发现controller-manager和scheduler连接有问题，排查是否本地10252,10251端口未启动。
修改/etc/kubernetes/manifests/下的kube-controller-manager.yaml,kube-scheduler.yaml配置文件
去掉配置中的 --port=0的配置
然后再重启systemctl restart kubelet
image.png
重启完毕后，再执行kubectl get cs,会显示如下:
image.png
这里使用flannel的进行K8S网络的设置
flannal的安装步骤如下
- 获取kube-flannel.yml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
2.kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
3.查看kubectl get pod -n kube-system
image.png
节点加入
- 在node1和node2节点执行
kubeadm join 10.0.3.166:6443 --token 1laxen.38bzx8hzul2ikbfk --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2df1e08577b6f8671bb19a7eaa2bdb9142040d370dae282d94b3001cf61619ab
如果master节点的token过期
#得到token
[root@master k8s]# kubeadm token create
bjjq4p.4c8ntpy20aoqptmi
#得到discovery-token-ca-cert-hash
[root@master k8s]# openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
2df1e08577b6f8671bb19a7eaa2bdb9142040d370dae282d94b3001cf61619ab
- 加入完毕后查看节点
kubectl get nodes
[root@master k8s]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
cdh2 NotReady <none> 38s v1.19.0
cdh3 Ready <none> 20m v1.19.0
master Ready master 7d21h v1.19.0
ingress-controller部署
- wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml .
- 修改mandatory.yaml中的部分配置
展示其中部分配置，添加hostNetwork: true 让端口暴露出来
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "10254"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
spec:
# wait up to five minutes for the drain of connections
hostNetwork: true #添加此配置将80 443端口暴露到宿主机去
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
containers:
- name: nginx-ingress-controller
image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
- --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
- --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
- --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
- --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
# www-data -> 101
runAsUser: 101
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
protocol: TCP
- name: https
containerPort: 443
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 10
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 10
lifecycle:
preStop:
exec:
command:
- /wait-shutdown
- 执行kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
- 检查服务部署情况
[root@master k8s]# kubectl get pod -o wide -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-ingress-controller-7d4544b644-4d974 1/1 Running 0 6m52s 10.0.3.164 cdh2 <none> <none>
- 在部署的节点上查看端口映射
[root@cdh2 nginx]# netstat -tnlp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10246 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 115141/nginx: maste
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10247 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 115141/nginx: maste
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 115141/nginx: maste
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8181 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 115141/nginx: maste
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 115141/nginx: maste
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10245 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 115108/nginx-ingres
tcp6 0 0 :::10254 :::* LISTEN 115108/nginx-ingres
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 115141/nginx: maste
tcp6 0 0 :::8181 :::* LISTEN 115141/nginx: maste
tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 115141/nginx: maste
由于配置了hostnetwork，nginx已经在node主机本地监听80/443/8181端口。其中8181是nginx-controller默认配置的一个default backend。这样，只要访问node主机有公网IP，就可以直接映射域名来对外网暴露服务了。如果要nginx高可用的话，可以在多个node上部署，并在前面再搭建一套LVS+keepalive做负载均衡。用hostnetwork的另一个好处是，如果lvs用DR模式的话，是不支持端口映射的，这时候如果用nodeport，暴露非标准的端口，管理起来会很麻烦。
- 这里可以使用daemonset将ingress-controller部署到特定node,需要修改部分配置：先给要部署nginx-ingress的node打上特定标签,这里测试部署在"node-1"这个节点。
给node-1节点打上 isIngress="true"的标签
kubectl label node node-1 isIngress="true"
然后在daemonset中指定nodeSelector为isIngress=true
spec:
nodeSelector:
isIngress: true
- 修改mandatory.yaml中的部分配置,找到kind:Deployment的配置，将其进行修改为如下
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet #将Deployment改为DaemonSet
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
# replicas: 1 # 删除replicas
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "10254"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
spec:
# wait up to five minutes for the drain of connections
hostNetwork: true #添加此配置将80 443端口暴露到宿主机去
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
#选择对应的标签
nodeSelector:
isIngress: true #kubernetes.io/os: linux 修改为 isIngress:true
containers:
- name: nginx-ingress-controller
image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
- --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
- --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
- --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
- --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
# www-data -> 101
runAsUser: 101
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
protocol: TCP
- name: https
containerPort: 443
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 10
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 10
lifecycle:
preStop:
exec:
command:
- /wait-shutdown
metrics-server部署
用于k8s可以通过监控pod的CPU等指标的使用率，进行水平扩容
- 创建metric-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
name: metrics-server
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
rules:
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
resources: ["pods","nodes"]
verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: system:metrics-server
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["pods","nodes","nodes/stats","namespaces","configmaps"]
verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: metrics-server-auth-reader
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:metrics-server
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
- 创建metric-api.yaml
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
group: metrics.k8s.io
service:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
version: v1beta1
groupPriorityMinimum: 100
insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
versionPriority: 100
- 创建metric-deploy.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- name: https
port: 443
protocol: TCP
targetPort: https
selector:
k8s-app: metrics-server
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 0
template:
metadata:
name: metrics-server
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
hostNetwork: true
serviceAccountName: metrics-server
containers:
- name: metrics-server
image: bitnami/metrics-server:0.4.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- --cert-dir=/tmp
- --secure-port=4443
- --kubelet-insecure-tls
- --kubelet-use-node-status-port
- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalDNS,InternalIP,ExternalDNS,ExternalIP,Hostname
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /livez
port: https
scheme: HTTPS
periodSeconds: 10
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /readyz
port: https
scheme: HTTPS
periodSeconds: 10
ports:
- name: https
containerPort: 4443
protocol: TCP
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 1000
resources:
limits:
memory: 1Gi
cpu: 1000m
requests:
memory: 1Gi
cpu: 1000m
volumeMounts:
- name: tmp-dir
mountPath: /tmp
- name: localtime
readOnly: true
mountPath: /etc/localtime
volumes:
- name: tmp-dir
emptyDir: {}
- name: localtime
hostPath:
type: File
path: /etc/localtime
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
- 分别执行kubectl apply -f metric-rbac.yaml, kubectl apply -f metric-api.yaml,kubectl apply -f metric-deploy.yaml
- 执行kubectl top po,出现以下输出即成功
[root@master metrics-server]# kubectl top po
NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes)
nginx-deployment-77c6777f7b-qvpx2 0m 1Mi
nginx-node 0m 3Mi
dashbord安装
- wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.5/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
这里注意对应的版本号
2.kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
3.查看是否安装成功，kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
[root@master k8s]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-6d56c8448f-tq4sb 1/1 Running 0 7d22h
kube-system coredns-6d56c8448f-x4prb 1/1 Running 0 7d22h
kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 7d22h
kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 7d22h
kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 8 7d20h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-f2m7q 1/1 Running 0 118m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-pxhz6 1/1 Running 0 98m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-r95k6 1/1 Running 0 6d5h
kube-system kube-proxy-k6jpw 1/1 Running 0 7d22h
kube-system kube-proxy-nxdbf 1/1 Running 0 118m
kube-system kube-proxy-v2vfg 1/1 Running 0 98m
kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 8 7d20h
kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper-79c5968bdc-rvj7x 1/1 Running 0 12m
kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-6f65cb5c64-r27w6 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 7 12m
发现是失败的，然后通过查看日志
kubectl logs kubernetes-dashboard-6f65cb5c64-r27w6 --tail=100 -n kubernetes-dashboard
提示如下错误:
2021/03/31 08:41:18 Starting overwatch
2021/03/31 08:41:18 Using namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
2021/03/31 08:41:18 Using in-cluster config to connect to apiserver
2021/03/31 08:41:18 Using secret token for csrf signing
2021/03/31 08:41:18 Initializing csrf token from kubernetes-dashboard-csrf secret
panic: Get "https://192.168.0.1:443/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/secrets/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf": dial tcp 192.168.0.1:443: connect: connection timed out
goroutine 1 [running]:
github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/src/app/backend/client/csrf.(*csrfTokenManager).init(0xc0003b7840)
/home/runner/work/dashboard/dashboard/src/app/backend/client/csrf/manager.go:41 +0x413
github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/src/app/backend/client/csrf.NewCsrfTokenManager(...)
/home/runner/work/dashboard/dashboard/src/app/backend/client/csrf/manager.go:66
github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/src/app/backend/client.(*clientManager).initCSRFKey(0xc000468100)
/home/runner/work/dashboard/dashboard/src/app/backend/client/manager.go:502 +0xc6
github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/src/app/backend/client.(*clientManager).init(0xc000468100)
/home/runner/work/dashboard/dashboard/src/app/backend/client/manager.go:470 +0x47
github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/src/app/backend/client.NewClientManager(...)
/home/runner/work/dashboard/dashboard/src/app/backend/client/manager.go:551
main.main()
/home/runner/work/dashboard/dashboard/src/app/backend/dashboard.go:105 +0x21c
由于无法访问api-server,因此将dashbord部署在master上，需要修改配置文件
spec:
nodeName: master #添加指定到master
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
spec:
nodeName: master #添加指定到master
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.5
imagePullPolicy: Always
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 32500 #宿主机对外的端口
type: NodePort #修改为nodeport访问，便于浏览器访问，否则无法访问
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
修改完配置后,卸载dashbord,重新安装
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard delete $(sudo kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get pod -o name | grep dashboard)
也可以通过以下命令查看服务
kubectl get svc --all-namespaces
[root@master k8s]# kubectl get svc --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 192.168.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 7d23h
kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 192.168.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 7d23h
kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 192.168.99.230 <none> 8000/TCP 42m
kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 192.168.253.207 <none> 443:32500/TCP 42m
- 我们需要使用daemonset部署到特定node，需要修改部分配置：先给要部署nginx-ingress的node打上特定标签,这里假设测试部署在"cdh2"这个节点。
kubectl label master cdh2 isIngress="true"
这里就能强制指定nginx-ingress部署在哪个节点上面，方便后期在nginx-ingress前面加一层lvs的负载均衡
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