今天我们来谈谈怎样做好高考语法填空题。高考语法填空题主要考察学生对语法知识掌握的能力,考察内容分为有词提示填空和无词提示填空。
有词提示填空一般是给出动词,形容词,名词,代词等; 无词提示填空是根据上下文的语境,填入冠词、连词、介词、代词、副词、情态动词及助动词等。下面我们来谈一谈有词提示填空的解题方法。
有词提示填空,如果给出动词,首先要判断句子有没有谓语,如果没有谓语,就要考虑填写时态与语态。举例如下:
2016(新课标卷I)
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base , where ticket money helps pay for research. I_____(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
答案解析:根据句子结构,句子没有谓语,allow用法是:allow sb to do sth 例句中allow后面没有宾语,主语I与allow之间是被动关系,且前一句的“was”表明此处应用一般过去时。答案:was allowed。
如果句子当中有谓语,所给的词是动词,那我们就要考虑填写非谓语动词,非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式to do,动词v-ing形式, 过去分词。
2016(全国卷Ⅱ)
If you findsomething you love doing outside of the office ,you’ll be likely____(bring) your work home.
答案解析:根据句子结构分析,句子有谓语be动词,固定短语 be likely to do sth ,考查不定式。答案:to bring.
2016(全国卷Ⅰ)
My ambassadorial duties will include_____(introduce) British Visitors to the 120 - plus Panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
答案解析:动词 include 在句子中做谓语. 用法是 include doing sth. 考查动词v-ing形式。答案: introducing
2016(全国卷Ⅰ)
I was the first Western TV reporter_____(permit) to film a special unit caring for Pandas rescued form starvation in the world.
答案解析:根据句子结构,句子有谓语was, permit与reporter之间是被动关系,考查过去分词,因此填写过去分词permitted,做reporter后置定语。答案:permitted
小窍门
句子有谓语,在介词后面给出动词,就填动词v-ing;如果所给动词在介词前面,一般填写过去分词。另外,在所给动词前有逗号,句子有谓语,句子的主语是所给动词的逻辑主语时,一般填写动词v-ing形式。动词v-ing在句子中做状语。
举例如下:
2015 (全国课标卷Ⅰ)
A study of travelers____( conduct ) by the website Tripadvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
答案解析:句中names是谓语 ,动词conduct在句中不能做谓语,与a study of travelers是被动关系,后面紧跟了介词by,刚刚我们的小窍门里讲到,如果所给动词在介词前面,就选择过去分词。 答案:conducted
2015 (全国新课标Ⅱ)
In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to"air condition"a house without _____(use) electric equipment.
答案解析:without是介词,介词后面,如果给出动词,直接填写动词v-ing。答案是: using
2016 (全国卷Ⅲ )
People probably cooked their food in large pots ,_____ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
答案解析:句子的谓语是cooked,主语people是use的逻辑主语,同时use前有逗号,后有宾语 twigs,根据小窍门,填写动词v-ing,在句子中的状语.答案:using.
另外,如果给出动词,也要考虑词形的转换,即动词转换成名词形式。举例:
2016 (全国卷Ⅰ)
But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_____(attract).
答案解析:attract是动词,its是形容词性的物主代词,top是形容词,那么这里就应填写名词形式。答案:attraction
以上内容就是我们今天所讲的有词提示填空的解题技巧,希望同学们在今后的学习中能灵活运用,同时也能记住我们所讲的小窍门。这节课就讲到这里,下节课我们接着讲所给词是形容词的解题技巧。谢谢大家!
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