代码英语

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/**
* Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, truncated
* to be no longer than {@code maxSize} in length.
*
* <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">short-circuiting
* stateful intermediate operation</a>.
*
* @apiNote
* While {@code limit()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential
* stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines,
* especially for large values of {@code maxSize}, since {@code limit(n)}
* is constrained to return not just any <em>n</em> elements, but the
* <em>first n</em> elements in the encounter order. Using an unordered
* stream source (such as {@link #generate(Supplier)}) or removing the
* ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result in significant
* speedups of {@code limit()} in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of
* your situation permit. If consistency with encounter order is required,
* and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with
* {@code limit()} in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution
* with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance.
*
* @param maxSize the number of elements the stream should be limited to
* @return the new stream
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code maxSize} is negative
*/
Stream<T> limit(long maxSize);

/**
* Returns a {@code Stream} consisting of the elements of this stream,
* each boxed to an {@code Integer}.
*
* <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate
* operation</a>.
*
* @return a {@code Stream} consistent of the elements of this stream,
* each boxed to an {@code Integer}
*/
Stream<Integer> boxed();

/**
* Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed {@code int} value
* between 0 (inclusive) and the specified value (exclusive), drawn from
* this random number generator's sequence. The general contract of
* {@code nextInt} is that one {@code int} value in the specified range
* is pseudorandomly generated and returned. All {@code bound} possible
* {@code int} values are produced with (approximately) equal
* probability. The method {@code nextInt(int bound)} is implemented by
* class {@code Random} as if by:
* <pre> {@code
* public int nextInt(int bound) {
* if (bound <= 0)
* throw new IllegalArgumentException("bound must be positive");
*
* if ((bound & -bound) == bound) // i.e., bound is a power of 2
* return (int)((bound * (long)next(31)) >> 31);
*
* int bits, val;
* do {
* bits = next(31);
* val = bits % bound;
* } while (bits - val + (bound-1) < 0);
* return val;
* }}</pre>
*
* <p>The hedge "approximately" is used in the foregoing description only
* because the next method is only approximately an unbiased source of
* independently chosen bits. If it were a perfect source of randomly
* chosen bits, then the algorithm shown would choose {@code int}
* values from the stated range with perfect uniformity.
* <p>
* The algorithm is slightly tricky. It rejects values that would result
* in an uneven distribution (due to the fact that 2^31 is not divisible
* by n). The probability of a value being rejected depends on n. The
* worst case is n=2^30+1, for which the probability of a reject is 1/2,
* and the expected number of iterations before the loop terminates is 2.
* <p>
* The algorithm treats the case where n is a power of two specially: it
* returns the correct number of high-order bits from the underlying
* pseudo-random number generator. In the absence of special treatment,
* the correct number of <i>low-order</i> bits would be returned. Linear
* congruential pseudo-random number generators such as the one
* implemented by this class are known to have short periods in the
* sequence of values of their low-order bits. Thus, this special case
* greatly increases the length of the sequence of values returned by
* successive calls to this method if n is a small power of two.
*
* @param bound the upper bound (exclusive). Must be positive.
* @return the next pseudorandom, uniformly distributed {@code int}
* value between zero (inclusive) and {@code bound} (exclusive)
* from this random number generator's sequence
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if bound is not positive
* @since 1.2
*/
public int nextInt(int bound) {
if (bound <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(BadBound);

    int r = next(31);
    int m = bound - 1;
    if ((bound & m) == 0)  // i.e., bound is a power of 2
        r = (int)((bound * (long)r) >> 31);
    else {
        for (int u = r;
             u - (r = u % bound) + m < 0;
             u = next(31))
            ;
    }
    return r;
}