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python网络爬虫概述

python网络爬虫概述

作者: SoundYoung | 来源:发表于2019-10-22 16:31 被阅读0次

1,网络请求
urllib(python自带)urllib3(urllib升级版)Requests(第三方)
1.1.urllib

import urllib.request as http  # 引入文件请求库 lesson1
# 打印百度的网页信息
response = http.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com")
print(response.read().decode("utf-8"))

#lesion2 模拟post请求
import urllib.request as http
import urllib.parse as urlparse

data = bytes(urlparse.urlencode({"word": "hello_world"}), encoding='utf-8')  # 设置参数
response = http.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data)  # 发送网络请求
html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)

1.2 urllib3

import urllib3
http = urllib3.PoolManager()
r = http.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/robots.txt')
print(r.status)
print(r.data.decode())

#lesion 4 urllib3 post请求
import urllib3
http = urllib3.PoolManager()
response = http.request('POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post', fields={"word": "hello_world"})
html = response.data.decode()
print(html)

1.3Requests

# lesion5 requests使用
import requests
response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
print('text----', response.content.decode('utf-8'))
print('status----', response.status_code)
print('url----', response.url)

#lesion6 requests post使用
import requests
data = {"word": "hello_world"}
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=data)
# print(response.text)
print(response.content.decode())

2,请求headers处理
请求网络内容时,网站为了防止被爬,会在header信息中进行加密。这个时候我们需要设置请求头文件header,具体操作如下,以百度为例:
2.1,首先查看头信息,以mac系统的火狐浏览器为例:
在百度网站,右键-查看元素-网络-选择200的一条消息-查看user-Agent:信息


image.png

复制对应的信息,填写到代码处如下:

import requests

header = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:70.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/70.0'}
response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/', headers=header)
print(response.text)

3,网络超时处理

# lesion7 网络超时捕获 异常处理
import requests

for a in range(0, 50):
    try:
        response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/', timeout=0.1)
        print(response.status_code)
    except Exception as e

4,代理服务
当您的ip被所爬网站服务器屏蔽的时候,需要进行设置代理服务器(此处代码为模拟,不会有实际效果)

import requests
proxy = {'http': '122.144.31.177:80', 'https': '122.144.31.177:8080'}
response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com',proxies=proxy)
print(response.text)

5,html解析(待更新)

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