Lesson1
Why people think they can't do math and science?
The problem was rooted in two distinctly different modes for viewing the world. Only new how to tap one mode for learning- the result is that people would deaf to the music of math.
为什么人们认为自己不擅长数学和科学？
问题源于两种截然不同的看待世界的方式，只知道用一种方式去学习的人们，结果必然一筹莫展。
People followed their inner passions without also being open to developing new ones. As a consequence, they would inadvertently pigeonholed themselves.
人们曾经对内心狂热的执迷追逐，事实上阻碍了自己敞开双臂，培养新的爱好，结果就是无意中局限了自己。
Internalizing certain concepts and techniques could be a powerful tool. Not to take on too much at once, allowing myself plenty of time to practice.
如果能把某些概念和技巧转化为自己的一部分，它们就会成为我的强大武器。同时，不要试图一口吃个胖子，要给自己充裕的练习时间。
The brain is designed to do extraordinary mental calculations.
你的大脑生来就配备了非凡的心算能力。
What you discover will help you be more effective and creative, not only in math and science, but in almost everything you do.
意识到自我的转变，会进一步提升学习效率和创造力。不仅是数理知识上的学习，在生活的方方面面，你都会有长足的进步。
Lesson 2
Being able to toggle your thinking—getting a glimpse of what you are learning before returning later to more fully understand what’s going on, is itself one of the main ideas in the book.
思维转换也就是指在透彻了解其中原委之间，先大致瞄一眼接下来要学的东西。创造小小的神经挂钩，把思维挂靠上去，会使把我概念变得更加轻松。
If you are trying to understand or figure out something new, your best bet is to turn off your precision-focused thinking and turn on your “big picture” diffuse mode, long enough to be able to latch on to a new, more fruitful approach.
如果想要理解新事物，最好关掉精确的专注思考模式，把开关切换到发散模式，直到你锁定了一个新的、更有成效的方法。
The harder you push your brain to come up with something creative, the less creative your ideas will be.
越是苦思冥想，得出的想法就越是鸡肋。
Relaxation is an important part of hard work—and good work, for that matter.
努力工作时的放松也是一个重要环节，更是令工作卓有成效的关键。
To learn about and be creative in math and science, we need to strengthen and use both the focused and diffuse modes.
想要学习数学和科学，而且保持创造力，两种思维模式都会被用到，对它们的强化训练缺一不可。
But the learning process is all about working your way out of confusion. Articulating your question is 80 percent of the battle. By the time you’ve figured out what’s confusing, you’re likely to have answered the question yourself!”
学习本来就是从困惑中摸索问题答案的过程，能够描述出来问题就已经成功了一半。只要发现了困扰你的东西是什么，那么你就离解答出来不远了。
For now, keep in mind that when you procrastinate, you are leaving yourself only enough time to do superficial focused-mode learning. You are also increasing your stress level because you know you have to complete what feels like an unpleasant task. The resulting neural patterns will be faint and fragmented and will quickly disappear—you’ll be left with a shaky foundation.
如果拖延，你就没有时间供专注模式稳扎稳打，只够走马观花地过上一边。这样也会增加你的压力，因为你清楚自己必须完成一个很讨厌的人物。其中的神经模型会变得模糊暗淡、残缺不全，你的思维基础七零八落、摇摇欲坠。
Try to complete at least three of these twenty-five-minute sessions that day, on whatever task or tasks you think are most important.
试着至少3个25分钟来处理你能想到的最重要的一个或几个任务。
At the end of your workday, look at what you crossed off your list and savor the feeling of accomplishment. Then write a few key things that you would like to work on the next day. This early preparation will help your diffuse mode begin to think about how you will get those tasks done the next day.
当日工作真正完结后，看自己在待做清单上划掉了什么，这会儿就可以尽情地享受成就感了，然后把明天要做的关键事项写下来。这种前期准备有助于你的发散模式开始预热思考明天如何完成那些任务。
Our brain uses two very different processes for thinking—the focused and diffuse modes. It seems you toggle back and forth between these modes, using one or the other.
我们的大脑有两种截然不同的思维模式-专注模式和发散模式。你会在两种模式之间转换，择一而用。
It is typical to be stumped by new concepts and problems when we first focus on them.
如果我们开式就用专注模式处理新的概念和陌生的问题，很容易止步不前。
To figure out new ideas and solve problems, it’s important not only to focus initially, but also to subsequently turn our focusawayfrom what we want to learn.
想要发掘新点子，解决问题，不仅需要最初的专注，接着也需要给注意力放个假，让它从眼前的问题上溜开一会儿。
TheEinstellungeffect refers to getting stuck in solving a problem or understanding a concept as a result of becoming fixated on a flawed approach. Switching modes from focused to diffuse can help free you from this effect. Keep in mind, then, that sometimes you will need to be flexible in your thinking. You may need to switch modes to solve a problem or understand a concept. Your initial ideas about problem solving can sometimes be very misleading.
定式效应就是说因死盯着有瑕疵的方法不放，而在解决问题时陷入僵局。切换到发散模式可以帮助我们从中解脱出来。记住这一点，有时候你的思考得灵活点。想要解决问题，理解概念，你可能需要在不同的概念之间转换，最初的想法反而可能是误导。
Lesson 3
3B方法：睡觉（bed）、洗澡（bath）、坐公交（bus）
在很多领域，散步都是万能灵药。
你要走你放下手中的工作，停下来喘口气，发散模式就会趁虚而入，高屋建瓴地搜寻解决方案。
创造力就是对自身能力的驾驭和拓展。
发散模式能让你的学习更有深度和创造力。
每抓住一个错误都是往前进了一步，纠出错误也能带给你成就感。
犯错是不可避免的，要想解决掉事情，那就尽早去做，速战速决。
只要放轻松什么都不想，你的大脑就会进入一种自然的默认状态，那就是发散思维的一种形式。
最有效的启动发散模式的诱因：睡觉。
但是不可能只靠发散模式就轻松的如愿以偿。
让大脑捕捉问题，首先要借助于专注模式调动全部注意力。
对于特定思考类型的问题，可用的精神能量，即意志力总量是有限的。
储备能量亮红灯时，可以跳到其他类型的专注任务上休息一下，但只要仍然处于专注模式下，每一秒都在消耗你的能量储备，就像一场全神贯注、随时间增重的脑力举重一样。
持之以恒才是关键。
在紧凑的专注模式后，利用发散模式的方法奖励自己。
帮我武装起大脑的最重要窍门之一，就是不要想一口吃成个胖子。
做作业和考试时，接受大脑中的第一个想法，会有碍于你另觅佳径。
闭眼可以提供片刻休息，并刷新页面。
沉思求解时，人们通常远眺、闭眼或干脆蒙上眼睛来避免干扰。
要解出难题或是学会新概念，至少要有一个你在无意识思考的时间段。
想要学得好，就得能在两个抓住学习期之间空出时间，让神经模型得以巩固。
进入下一次专注模式前，应该留出足够长的休息时间，让你的意识完全从手上的问题脱离出来。
学新概念时，别扔上一天才回头复习。几个小时足够发散模式取得重要进展了。
专注模式就像在为砌墙提供砖块，而发散模式则是用泥浆把砖块逐渐结合在一起。
保持耐心，一步一个脚印地去做，非常重要。
这就是学习思维诀窍对解决拖延习惯的至关重要性。
当你对某些人或事感到挫败时，试着退后一步观察自己的行为。
不断增加的挫败感往往是个有益的暂停信号，它在暗示你，是时候转换到发散模式去了。
对于自制力强的人来说，另一个技巧是重视倾听，把意见放在心上。
P122
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