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2019-08-01

2019-08-01

作者: Nietism | 来源:发表于2019-08-01 10:42 被阅读0次

学习笔记

image

基础知识

第1章 基础知识

1.1 数据库基础

1.1.1 什么是数据库
      **数据库**(Database)指<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">以某种有组织的方式存储的数据集合</u>。可以将它看成一个档案柜,档案柜只是存储数据的物理位置,而不管数据是什么以及它们是怎样组织的。

数据库

用于存储有组织的数据的容器(通常是文件或文件集)。

image

混淆

人们经常使用数据库(Database)这个词来指代它们正在运行的数据库软件。这是不正确的。数据库软件实际上被称为数据库管理系统(Database Management System, DBMS)。数据库是通过DBMS创建和操作额容器。数据库可能是存储在硬盘驱动器上的文件,也可能不是。一般而言,这并不重要,因为用户从不会以任何方式直接访问数据库,用户总是使用DBMS,通过它来为用户访问数据库。

1.1.2 表
      当在档案柜中存储信息时,不会把信息简单地扔进抽屉里。相反,将在档案柜里创建文件,然后把相关的数据归档在特定的文件中。

      在数据库世界里,这个文件称之为**表**(Table)。表是<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">结构化的文件,可以存储特定类型的数据</u>。表可能包括顾客列表、产品目录,或者其他人的信息列表。

特定类型数据的结构化列表。

      这里的关键是:存储在表中的数据是一种数据类型或者一份列表。永远不会有人把顾客列表和订单列表存储在同一张数据库表中。如果这样做,将使得之后的检索和访问难以进行。正常情况是,你将创建两张表,每个表用于存储一份列表。

      数据库中的每一个表都具有一个用于标识它的名称,这个名称总是唯一的,意味着该数据库中没有其他的表可以具有相同的名称。

注意:表名称

使表名称成为唯一的实际上是几个内容的组合,包括数据库名称和表名称。这意味着尽管不能在相同的数据库中多次使用相同的表名称,但是肯定可以在不同的数据库中重用表名称。当需要在同一个语句中引用不同数据库中同名的表,可以使用完全限定的表名称

WAREHOUSE1.ORDERS

WAREHOUSE2.ORDERS

image
1.1.3 列和数据类型
      表由列组成,列<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">包含表中特定的信息</u>。

表中的单个字段。所有的表都由一列或多列组成。

      理解列的最佳方式是把数据库想象成网格,它有点像电子数据表,网格中的每一列都包含特定的信息。例如,在顾客表中,一列包含顾客编号,另一列包含顾客名字,而地址、城市和邮政编码都存储在它们各自的列中。

      数据库中的每一列都具有一种关联的数据类型,它定义了列中可以包含什么类型的数据。例如,如果列将包含数字(也许是订单中的商品数量),那么数据类型将是一种数值数据类型。如果列将包含日期、文本、注释、货币金额等,将使用相应的数据类型来指定它们。

数据类型

允许的数据的类型。每个表列都具有一种与之关联的数据类型,用以限制(或允许)在该列中存储特定的数据。

      数据类型限制了列可以存储的数据的类型(例如,防止把字母字符输入到数值字段当中)。数据类型的使用还有助于正确地对数据进行排序,并且在优化磁盘使用方面起着重要作用。因此,在创建表时要特别注意选择适当的数据类型。
1.1.4 行
      表中的数据存储在行中;保存的每条记录都存储在它自己的行中。同样,把表想象成电子数据表样式的网格,网格中的垂直列就是表列,水平行就是表行。

      例如,顾客表可能每行存储一位顾客的信息。表中的行数就是其中的记录数。

表中的记录。

在提及(Row)时经常也把它们称为数据库记录(Record)。一般而言,可以互换使用这两个术语。

1.1.5 主键
      表中的每一行都应该有某一列(或某几列组成的列集合)来唯一地标识它。包含顾客信息的表可能为此使用顾客编号列,而包含订单信息的表则可能使用订单号。

主键(Primary key)

其值唯一地标识表中的每一行的列(或列集合)。

应用实例

Example 01

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n57" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">SELECT
DISTINCT TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 订单时间,
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 下传时间,
STATUS.DESCRIPTION 状态,
COUNT(OD.ORDERKEY) 单数,
SUM(OD.TOTALQTY) 件数,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME
FROM
ORDERS OD,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'ZH' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
) STATUS
WHERE
(OD.TYPE = '85' ) AND
STATUS.CODE = OD.STATUS AND
NVL(OD.RTXCANCELMARK,' ') = ' ' AND
OD.STATUS < '95'
AND TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= '2019-07-03'
AND TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= '2019-06-25'
GROUP BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
STATUS.DESCRIPTION,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD');</pre>

  • ORDERS表中,订单的取消标记RTXCANCELMARKRTXCANCELBACK两个项存储,其中与WMS出货单页面上的“取消标识”对应的是RTXCANCELBACKRTXCANCELMARK的取值和RTXCANCELBACK取值如下:
RTXCANCELMARK RTXCANCELBACK
98 Y
N
  • 某订单若被标记取消,该订单的RTXCANCELMARK字段为98。RTXCANCELBACK字段为Y表示YES即已取消;若未被标记取消,该订单的RTXCANCELMARK字段为一个空字符串即' ',搜索时可以用' '作为关键字搜索。

  • nvl()作为Oracle/PLSQL中的一个函数,其格式为:nvl(string1, replace_with),它的功能如下:如果string1为NULL,则NVL函数返回replace_with的值,否则返回string1的值。 在本SQL语句段的过滤条件中,这一小句这样写:'NVL(OD.RTXCANCELMARK,' ') = ' ' AND '

查询资料得知Oracle将空字符串即' '当成NULL处理。(参考链接)

若该订单未被取消,则NVL(……)返回' ',表达式变成' ' = ' ',恒成立,等于没写这句话,会留下未被取消的订单;若该订单被取消,则NVL(……)返回该订单的RTXCANCAELMARK(98),显然不等于' ',则被取消的订单会被从结果集中剔除。

  • 子查询的结果集命其别名为STATUS,子查询语句如下:

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n82" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="sql">SELECT
o.code,
t.description
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP o,
translationlist t
WHERE
t.code = o.code AND
t.tblname='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
t.locale = 'zh' AND
t.columnname ='DESCRIPTION';
​</pre>

子查询通过数据库中的数据字典TRANSLATIONLIST表将状态码与其描述关联,其中先检索表来梳理一下TRANSLATIONLIST的表结构:

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n84" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">SELECT
TBLNAME, JOINKEY1, JOINKEY2, COLUMNNAME, CODE,DESCRIPTION
FROM
TRANSLATIONLIST
WHERE
LOCALE = 'zh'</pre>

如上语句检索了TRANSLATIONLIST表中几个项,其中,TBLNAME指的是table name,存储了该行所属的表名;CODE是对应的状态码,DESCRIPTION是对应的描述文本(本地语言)。如订单的“外部取消”状态,其对应的TBLNAME值为“ORDERSTATUSSETUP”,指示了所属的表表名为“ORDERSTATUSSETUP”,CODE的值为98,DESCRIPTION是“外部取消”。 检索结果集如下:

TBLNAME JOINKEY1 JOINKEY2 COLUMNNAME CODE DESCRIPTION
CODELKUP RTXORDTYPEMAP 110 DESCRIPTION 110 BOX订单
CODELKUP RTXCANCELMARK 98 DESCRIPTION 98 外部取消
CODELKUP RTXPICK B3 DESCRIPTION B3 B3拣选面
CODELKUP RTXPICK B4 DESCRIPTION B4 B4拣选面
…… …… …… …… …… ……

子查询中的过滤条件中将ORDERSTATUSSETUP表与TRANSLATIONLIST表连接,连接条件为TRANSLATIONLIST.CODE = ORDERSTATUSSETUP.CODE,因为在TRANSLATIONLIST表中,单纯依靠CODE无法唯一标识每一行,TRANSLATIONLIST表采取多个字段组成复合主键,分别是:TBLNAME,LOCALE,JOINKEY1,JOINKEY2,JOINKEY3,JOINKEY4,JOINKEY5,COLUMNNAME.所以在子查询中需要借助于连接ORDERSTATUSSETUP来唯一确定状态码对应的描述。ORDERSTATUSSETUP表项不多,主要信息只有CODEDESCRIPTION,其中CODE为表的主键,DESCRIPTION是英文文本描述。 子查询的结果集被命名为STATUS,结果如下(其中CODE源于ORDERSTATUSSETUP表,DESCRIPTION源于TRANSLATIONLIST表):

CODE DESCRIPTION
00 Empty Order
04 内部创建
04 内部创建
06 未分配
08 Converted
…… ……
14 部分分配
15 部分分配/部分拣选
16 部分分配/部分运送
…… ……
52 部分拣选
53 部分拣选/部分运送
55 拣货项完整
57 已全部拣货/部分运送
…… ……

  • ORDERS表中的STATUS字段表示了出货订单状态,下面是一些对应关系。
ORDERS.STATUS 出货订单状态
17 分配量
98 外部取消
99 内部取消
02 外部创建
04 内部创建
06 未分配
09 未开始
14 部分分配
15 部分分配/部分拣选
16 部分分配/部分运送
52 部分拣选
53 部分拣选/部分运送
22 已发放部分
25 已发放部分/已拣货部分
92 部分运送
57 已全部拣货/部分运送
55 拣货项完整
12 预分配量
29 已发放
95 出货全部完成
  • ORDERS表的TYPE字段表示了订单类型,对应关系如下。
ORDERS.TYPE 出货订单类型
87 BOX订单
86 内淘宝
60 单款下架质检
82 拣货装箱单-唯品
84 拣货装箱单-国内
83 拣货装箱单-海外
120 拣货装箱单-退店
70 海外补单
140 海外订单
85 线上订单(B2C)
81 采购退货单
80 预发WMS装箱单
  • 此类代码与说明、描述的对应关系可以通过INFOR_ENTERPRISE内菜单栏 管理→转换→代码转换 进入查看。

Example 02

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n294" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">SELECT
O.ORDERKEY AS 订单号,
S.DESCRIPTION AS 状态,
TO_CHAR(O.ORDERDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD') AS 订单日期,
TO_CHAR(O.ADDDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD') AS 下传日期,
SUM(ORIGINALQTY) AS 数量
FROM
ORDERS O,
ORDERDETAIL OD,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'ZH' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
) S
WHERE
O.TYPE ='85' AND
O.ORDERKEY= OD.ORDERKEY AND
O.STATUS =S.CODE AND
TO_CHAR(O.ORDERDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD') >'2019-06-28' AND
TO_CHAR(O.ORDERDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD') <'2019-07-22'
GROUP BY
O.ORDERKEY,
S.DESCRIPTION,
O.ORDERDATE,
O.ADDDATE</pre>

Notes: 服务器设定为Greenwich时间,中国北京时间(东八区)与其换算关系为 北京时间 = GMT + 8(小时) 故数据库存储中数据项'2019-07-23 16:00:00'即是北京时间'2019-07-24 00:00:00'

Example 03

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n298" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--所有存储位的库存数据
SELECT
LLI.SKU,
LLI.LOC,
LLI.QTY
FROM
LOTXLOCXID LLI,
LOC L
WHERE
LLI.LOC = L.LOC AND
L.LOCATIONTYPE = 'PZBOXSTORE' AND
LLI.QTY > 0</pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n299" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--所有零拣位的库存数据
SELECT
LLI.SKU,
LLI.LOC,
LLI.QTY
FROM
LOTXLOCXID LLI,
LOC L
WHERE
LLI.LOC = L.LOC AND
L.LOCATIONTYPE = 'PICK' AND
LLI.QTY > 0</pre>

Example 04

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n301" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--各订单类型未完成清单
SELECT
DISTINCT TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 订单时间,
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 下传时间,
STATUS.DESCRIPTION 状态,
ORDERTYPE.DESCRIPTION 订单类型,
COUNT(OD.ORDERKEY) 单数,
SUM(OD.TOTALQTY) 件数,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME
FROM
ORDERS OD,
(SELECT
DISTINCT OD.TYPE,
CL.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERS OD,
CODELKUP CL
WHERE
OD.TYPE = CL.CODE AND
CL.LISTNAME = 'ORDERTYPE'
) ORDERTYPE,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'ZH' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
) STATUS
WHERE
ORDERTYPE.TYPE = OD.TYPE AND
STATUS.CODE = OD.STATUS AND
nvl(OD.rtxcancelmark,' ') = ' ' AND
OD.STATUS NOT IN ('98','55','95','99') AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= '2019-07-24' AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= '2019-06-28'
GROUP BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
STATUS.DESCRIPTION,
ORDERTYPE.DESCRIPTION,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
STATUS.DESCRIPTION,
ORDERTYPE.DESCRIPTION,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME</pre>

  • 订单类型(ORDERS表中的TYPE字段)相对应的中文描述存储在CODELKUP表中,该表的主键为LISTNAMECODE.

Example 05

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n306" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--7月22日B2C订单
SELECT
DISTINCT TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 订单时间,
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 下传时间,
STATUS.DESCRIPTION 状态,
COUNT(OD.ORDERKEY) 单数,
SUM(OD.TOTALQTY) 件数,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME
FROM
ORDERS OD,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'ZH' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
) STATUS
WHERE
OD.TYPE = '85' AND
STATUS.CODE = OD.STATUS AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') = '2019-07-22'
GROUP BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
STATUS.DESCRIPTION,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
STATUS.DESCRIPTION;</pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n307" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--7月22日所有B2C订单详情
SELECT
DISTINCT TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 订单时间,
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 下传时间,
STATUS.DESCRIPTION 状态,
OD.EXTERNORDERKEY,
OD.TOTALQTY,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME
FROM
ORDERS OD,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'ZH' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
) STATUS
WHERE
(OD.TYPE = '85' ) AND
STATUS.CODE = OD.STATUS AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') = '2019-07-22'
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD');</pre>

Example 06

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n309" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">SELECT
O.ORDERKEY,
S.DESCRIPTION,
O.EXTERNORDERKEY,
C.DESCRIPTION 订单类型,
TO_CHAR(O.ORDERDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD') 订单日期,
TO_CHAR(O.ADDDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD') 接单日期,--COUNT(DISTINCT O.ORDERKEY) 未发运订单数,
SUM(OD.OPENQTY) 未结数量
FROM
ORDERS O,
ORDERDETAIL OD,
CODELKUP C,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'ZH' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
)S
WHERE
S.CODE = O.STATUS AND
O.TYPE ='85' AND
O.ORDERKEY=OD.ORDERKEY AND
C.CODE=O.TYPE AND
C.LISTNAME='ORDERTYPE' AND
NVL(O.RTXCANCELMARK,' ' ) = ' ' AND
O.STATUS < '95'
GROUP BY
O.ORDERKEY,
S.DESCRIPTION,
O.EXTERNORDERKEY,
C.DESCRIPTION,
TO_CHAR(O.ORDERDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(O.ADDDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD')
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(O.ORDERDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD'),
C.DESCRIPTION;</pre>

Example 07

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n311" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--6月25日到7月24日所有的B2C订单详情
SELECT
DISTINCT TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 订单时间,
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 下传时间,
STATUS.DESCRIPTION 状态,
OD.RTXCANCELMARK 取消标记,
OD.ORDERKEY 订单号,
OD.EXTERNORDERKEY 外部单号,
OD.TOTALQTY 总量,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME 店名
FROM
ORDERS OD,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'ZH' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
) STATUS
WHERE
(OD.TYPE = '85' ) AND
NVL(OD.RTXCANCELMARK,' ') = ' ' AND
STATUS.CODE = OD.STATUS AND
OD.STATUS NOT IN ('98','99','95') AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= '2019-06-25' AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= '2019-07-24'
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
STATUS.DESCRIPTION,
OD.ORDERKEY,
OD.RTXCANCELMARK,
OD.EXTERNORDERKEY,
OD.RTXSHOPNAME;</pre>

Example 08

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n313" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--B2C/B2B剩余量
SELECT
DISTINCT TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 订单时间,
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 下传时间,
STATUS.DESCRIPTION 状态,
--OD.RTXCANCELMARK 取消标记,
OD.ORDERKEY 订单号,
SUBSTR(OD.EXTERNORDERKEY,3) 外部单号, --去除开头的'OL'
OD.TOTALQTY 总量,
DECODE(NVL(OD.RTXSHOPNAME, ' '), ' ', OD.C_COMPANY, OD.RTXSHOPNAME) 店铺或收货人名称
FROM
ORDERS OD,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'zh' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
) STATUS
WHERE
(OD.TYPE = '85' ) AND -- 84 为 拣货装箱单-国内,85 为 线上订单(B2C)
NVL(OD.RTXCANCELMARK,' ') = ' ' AND
STATUS.CODE = OD.STATUS AND
OD.STATUS NOT IN ('98','99','95') AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= '2019-06-25' AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= '2019-07-28'
--TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DD')
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
STATUS.DESCRIPTION,
OD.ORDERKEY,
--OD.RTXCANCELMARK,
SUBSTR(OD.EXTERNORDERKEY,3),
DECODE(NVL(OD.RTXSHOPNAME, ' '), ' ', OD.C_COMPANY, OD.RTXSHOPNAME);</pre>

  • substr()函数 substr()函数有如下两种格式:

    • substr(string string, int a, int b);

      • string 需要截取的字符串

      • a 截取字符串的开始位置(注:当a等于0或1时,都是从第一位开始截取)

      • b 要截取的字符串的长度

    • substr(string string, int a);

      • string 需要截取的字符串

      • 可以理解为从第a个字符开始截取后面所有的字符串。

  • 实例解析

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n335" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL"> select substr('HelloWorld',0,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:Hel,截取从“H”开始3个字符
select substr('HelloWorld',1,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:Hel,截取从“H”开始3个字符
select substr('HelloWorld',2,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:ell,截取从“e”开始3个字符
select substr('HelloWorld',0,100) value from dual;
//返回结果:HelloWorld,100虽然超出预处理的字符串最长度,但不会影响返回结果,系统按预处理字符串最大数量返回。
select substr('HelloWorld',5,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:oWo
select substr('Hello World',5,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:o W (中间的空格也算一个字符串,结果是:o空格W)
select substr('HelloWorld',-1,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:d (从后面倒数第一位开始往后取1个字符,而不是3个。原因:下面红色 第三个注解)
select substr('HelloWorld',-2,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:ld (从后面倒数第二位开始往后取2个字符,而不是3个。原因:下面红色 第三个注解)
select substr('HelloWorld',-3,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:rld (从后面倒数第三位开始往后取3个字符)
select substr('HelloWorld',-4,3) value from dual;
//返回结果:orl (从后面倒数第四位开始往后取3个字符)
select substr('HelloWorld',0) value from dual;
//返回结果:HelloWorld,截取所有字符
select substr('HelloWorld',1) value from dual;
//返回结果:HelloWorld,截取所有字符
select substr('HelloWorld',2) value from dual;
//返回结果:elloWorld,截取从“e”开始之后所有字符
select substr('HelloWorld',3) value from dual;
//返回结果:lloWorld,截取从“l”开始之后所有字符
select substr('HelloWorld',-1) value from dual;
//返回结果:d,从最后一个“d”开始 往回截取1个字符
select substr('HelloWorld',-2) value from dual;
//返回结果:ld,从最后一个“d”开始 往回截取2个字符
select substr('HelloWorld',-3) value from dual;
//返回结果:rld,从最后一个“d”开始 往回截取3个字符</pre>

Example 09

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n338" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">SELECT
SKU 货品SKU,
LOC 库位,
FIRSTNO 一级分理编号,
SECONDNO 二级分理编号,
DECODE(STATUS,'0','未下发','1','已下发') 状态
FROM
RTX_SORTNO
ORDER BY
SKU;</pre>

  • RTX_SORTNO是一个视图。

Example 10

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n343" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--按SKU合计数量
SELECT
SKU,
SUM(QTY) AS 合计
FROM
LOTXLOCXID T
WHERE
QTY > 0 AND
STATUS = 'OK'
GROUP BY
SKU
ORDER BY
SKU;</pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n344" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--按款式合计数量
SELECT
S.STYLE 款式,
SUM(LLI.QTY) AS 合计数量
FROM
LOTXLOCXID LLI,
SKU S
WHERE
LLI.SKU = S.SKU AND
LLI.QTY > 0 AND
LLI.STATUS = 'OK'
GROUP BY
S.STYLE
ORDER BY
S.STYLE;</pre>

Example 11

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n346" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">SELECT
S.STYLE 款号,
MT.SKU 货品,
MT.STORERKEY 货主,
MT.FROMLOC 自库位,
MT.TOLOC 至库位,
MT.LOT 批次,
MT.QTY 返架数量,
DECODE(MT.STATUS,'10','扫描中','已返架') 状态,
OE.FULLY_QUALIFIED_ID 用户,
TO_CHAR(MT.EDITDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') 操作时间
FROM
MANYMOVE_TBL MT,
OPER.E_SSO_USER OE,
SKU S
WHERE
UPPER(OE.SSO_USER_NAME)=UPPER(MT.EDITWHO) AND
MT.SKU=S.SKU
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(MT.EDITDATE+8/24,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') DESC;</pre>

  • 用户的登录ID和姓名存储在OPER.E_SSO_USER表中,其中,SSO_USER_NAME为登录账户,FULLY_QUALIFIED_ID为用户全名。

  • 比较的时候要注意,PL/SQL的字符串比较是大小写敏感的,因此在多表连接比较操作人ID时应当注意全部转化为大写再进行比较。如如上过滤条件中UPPER(OE.SSO_USER_NAME)=UPPER(MT.EDITWHO)这样写。

Example 12

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n353" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--库存事务页面信息对应ITRN表
--统计一个月前至今的库存转移量(THFLLOC→状态为OK的零拣位)
(
SELECT
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD')||' 小计' 日期,
NULL 货品SKU,
NULL 批号LOT,
NULL 自库位,
NULL 至库位,
NULL 用户,
SUM(IT.QTY) 数量
FROM
ITRN IT,
LOC L
WHERE
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(SYSDATE),-1),'YYYY-MM-DD') AND
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DD') AND
IT.FROMLOC = 'THFLLOC' AND
IT.TOLOC = L.LOC AND
L.LOCATIONTYPE = 'PICK' AND
L.STATUS = 'OK'
GROUP BY TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
)
UNION
SELECT * FROM
(
SELECT
--TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') 日期,
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 日期,
IT.SKU 货品SKU,
IT.LOT 批号LOT,
IT.FROMLOC 自库位,
IT.TOLOC 至库位,
OE.FULLY_QUALIFIED_ID 用户,
IT.QTY 数量
FROM
ITRN IT,
LOC L,
OPER.E_SSO_USER OE
WHERE
--从一个月前开始统计
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(SYSDATE),-1),'YYYY-MM-DD') AND
--到系统时间
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DD') AND
IT.FROMLOC = 'THFLLOC' AND
IT.TOLOC = L.LOC AND
L.LOCATIONTYPE = 'PICK' AND
L.STATUS = 'OK' AND
UPPER(IT.ADDWHO) = UPPER(OE.SSO_USER_NAME)
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
--TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
IT.SKU,
IT.LOT,
IT.FROMLOC,
IT.TOLOC,
OE.FULLY_QUALIFIED_ID,
IT.QTY
)
UNION
(
SELECT
'合计' 日期,
NULL 货品SKU,
NULL 批号LOT,
NULL 自库位,
NULL 至库位,
NULL 用户,
SUM(IT.QTY) 数量
FROM
ITRN IT,
LOC L
WHERE
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(SYSDATE),-1),'YYYY-MM-DD') AND
TO_CHAR(IT.EFFECTIVEDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DD') AND
IT.FROMLOC = 'THFLLOC' AND
IT.TOLOC = L.LOC AND
L.LOCATIONTYPE = 'PICK' AND
L.STATUS = 'OK'
)</pre>

  • union用的比较多,union all是直接连接,取到的是所有值,记录可能有重复。 union 是取唯一值,记录没有重复。

  • UNION的语法如下:

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n359" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL"> [SQL Statement 1]
UNION
[SQL Statement 2]</pre>

  • UNION ALL的语法如下:

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n363" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL"> [SQL Statement 1]
UNION ALL
[SQL Statement 2]</pre>

  • 对重复结果的处理:UNION在进行表链接后会筛选掉重复的记录,Union All不会去除重复记录。对排序的处理:Union将会按照字段的顺序进行排序;UNION ALL只是简单的将两个结果合并后就返回。

  • 多语句UNION时,报错未正确结束。原因是在每个语句尾部都有ORDER BY子句,而规定在Oracle PL/SQL中,ORDER BY子句必须是SELECT语句的最后一个语句,且一个SELECT语句中只允许出现一个ORDER BY语句,同时,ORDER BY子句必须位于整个SELECT语句的最末尾。

  • 如上问题的解决方法:

    1. 将结果集作为一张临时表,再对其查询、排序。

    <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n374" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit;" lang="SQL"> SELECT * FROM (…… UNION ……) ORDER BY ………</pre>

    1. 排序后再合并。

    <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n378" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit;" lang="SQL"> SELECT * FROM (SELECT …… FROM …… ORDER BY ……)
    UNION
    SELECT * FROM (SELECT …… FROM …… ORDER BY ……)</pre>

    1. ORDER BY + 字段在结果集中的序号。

    <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n382" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit;" lang="SQL"> SELECT ……
    UNION
    SELECT ……
    ORDER BY 1,2</pre>

Example 13

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n384" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--库存中所有零拣位状态为OK的库存
SELECT
LLI.SKU,
SUM(LLI.QTY) AS 合计
FROM
LOTXLOCXID LLI,
LOC L
WHERE
LLI.QTY > 0 AND
LLI.STATUS = 'OK' AND
LLI.LOC = L.LOC AND
L.LOCATIONTYPE = 'PICK'
GROUP BY
LLI.SKU
ORDER BY
LLI.SKU;</pre>

Example 14

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n386" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--一段时间内的订单信息
SELECT
DISTINCT TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 订单时间,
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') 下传时间,
STATUS.DESCRIPTION 状态,
--OD.RTXCANCELMARK 取消标记,
OD.ORDERKEY 订单号,
OD.EXTERNORDERKEY 外部单号,
SUBSTR(OD.EXTERNORDERKEY,3) 截取的外部单号, --去除开头的'OL'/'OW'
OD.CARRIERNAME 承运人,
OD.RTXEXPRESSKEY 快递单号,
OD.TOTALQTY 总量,
DECODE(NVL(OD.RTXSHOPNAME, ' '), ' ', OD.C_COMPANY, OD.RTXSHOPNAME) 店铺或收货人名称
FROM
ORDERS OD,
(SELECT
O.CODE,
T.DESCRIPTION
FROM
ORDERSTATUSSETUP O,
TRANSLATIONLIST T
WHERE
T.CODE = O.CODE AND
T.TBLNAME='ORDERSTATUSSETUP' AND
T.LOCALE = 'zh' AND
T.COLUMNNAME ='DESCRIPTION'
) STATUS
WHERE
OD.TYPE IN ('85','86') AND -- 84 为 拣货装箱单-国内,85 为 线上订单(B2C)
NVL(OD.RTXCANCELMARK,' ') = ' ' AND
STATUS.CODE = OD.STATUS AND
--OD.STATUS NOT IN ('98','99','95') AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= '2019-06-01' AND
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= '2019-07-31'
--TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DD')
ORDER BY
TO_CHAR(OD.ORDERDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
TO_CHAR(OD.ADDDATE+8/24, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
STATUS.DESCRIPTION,
OD.ORDERKEY,
--OD.RTXCANCELMARK,
SUBSTR(OD.EXTERNORDERKEY,3),
DECODE(NVL(OD.RTXSHOPNAME, ' '), ' ', OD.C_COMPANY, OD.RTXSHOPNAME);</pre>

Example 15

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n388" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="sql">--有库存但未设置分配库位货品
SELECT
SL.SKU 货品,
SL.LOC 库位,
SL.QTY 现有量,
SL.QTYALLOCATED 分配量,
SL.QTYPICKED 拣货量,
(SL.QTY - SL.QTYALLOCATED - SL.QTYPICKED) 可用量
FROM
LOC L LEFT JOIN SKUXLOC SL
ON L.LOC = SL.LOC
WHERE
L.LOCATIONTYPE = 'PICK' AND
L.LOCATIONCATEGORY = 'ZEROPICK' AND
SL.LOCATIONTYPE = 'OTHER' AND
SL.QTY > 0</pre>

Left Join:即左连接,是以左表为基础,根据ON后给出的两表的条件将两表连接起来。结果会<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">将左表所有的查询信息列出,而右表只列出ON后条件与左表满足的部分</u>。左连接全称为左外连接,是外连接的一种。

Right Join:即右连接,是以右表为基础,根据ON后给出的两表的条件将两表连接起来。结果会<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">将右表所有的查询信息列出,而左表只列出ON后条件与右表满足的部分</u>。右连接全称为右外连接,是外连接的一种。

Inner Join:即内连接,同时将两表作为参考对象,根据ON后给出的两表的条件将两表连接起来。结果则是<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">两表同时满足ON后的条件的部分才会列出</u>。

小工具

几条实用的语句

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n395" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="SQL">--在所有表中按字段名搜索字段存在于哪些表中
SELECT

FROM
USER_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE
COLUMN_NAME = 'ORDERKEY'
ORDER BY
TABLE_NAME; </pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n396" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="sql">--查找指定表的主键
SELECT
CU.*
FROM
USER_CONS_COLUMNS CU,
USER_CONSTRAINTS AU
WHERE
CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME = AU.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND
AU.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P' AND
CU.TABLE_NAME = 'SKU';</pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" cid="n397" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="sql">--查找指定表中所有的列名
----可以加上过滤条件以达到在表中搜索字段的目的
SELECT
T.COLUMN_NAME
FROM
USER_TAB_COLUMNS T
WHERE
T.TABLE_NAME = 'SKU' --AND
--T.COLUMN_NAME LIKE '%STATUS%'
ORDER BY
T.COLUMN_NAME;</pre>

日期说明 Oracle语句(假设现在是2018-11-28 11:11:11) 返回日期
当月第一天 select trunc(sysdate,'mm') from dual 2018-11-1
当年第一天 select trunc(sysdate,'yy') from dual 2018-1-1
当前年月日 select trunc(sysdate,'dd') from dual 2018-11-28
当前星期的第一天 (星期天) select trunc(sysdate,'d') from dual 2018-11-28
当前日期 select trunc(sysdate) from dual 2018-11-28
当前时间(准确到小时) select trunc(sysdate,'hh') from dual 2018-11-28 11:00:00
当前时间(准确到分钟) select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') from dual 2018-11-28 11:11:00
前一天的日期 select TRUNC(SYSDATE-1) from dual 2018-11-27
前一个月的日期 select add_months(trunc(sysdate),-1) from dual 2018-10-28
后一个月的日期 select add_months(trunc(sysdate),1) from dual 2018-12-28
本月最后一天 select to_char(last_day(sysdate),'yyyy-mm-dd') from dual 2018-11-30

参考链接和常用

  1. Oracle中union all、union 和order by一起使用的解决方法

  2. oracle 根据字段名查找表

  3. Oracle获取日期大全(当月的第一天/后一天/上一天/最后一天/上个月这一天)

  4. ORACLE制作表时的“小计”和“合计” (ROLLUP)

  5. PL/SQL的TO_CHAR()与TO_DATE()

  6. oracle trunc()函数的用法——日期、数字

  7. oracle中实现截取字符串(substr)、查找字符串位置(instr)、替换字符串(replace)

  8. 【ORACLE】Oracle提高篇之DECODE

  9. 解决Oracle数据库ORA-28001

  10. 【SQL】两个带order by查询进行union all报ORA-00933错误的解决方法

  11. Oracle中查看所有表和字段以及表注释.字段注释

  12. Oracle中的rowid

  13. 数据库中乐观锁、悲观锁、共享锁和排它锁的理解

  14. 查询oracle表的信息(表,字段,约束,索引)

  15. 《Oracle PL/SQL必知必会》

  16. SQL——左连接(Left join)、右连接(Right join)、内连接(Inner join)

  17. 深入理解SQL的四种连接-左外连接、右外连接、内连接、全连接

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