11、访问web元素
11.1 index.jsp
11.2 struts.xml利用通配符调用方法
11.3 LoginAction1.java
11.4 LoginAction2.java(常用)
11.5 LoginAction3.java
11.6 LoginAction4.java
11.7 user_login_success.jsp
12、模块包含和默认action
13、Result结果类型
13.1 index.jsp
13.2 struts.xml
14、全局结果集
15、动态结果集
15.1 action方法中的处理
15.2 struts.xml
16、带参数的结果集
16.1 index.jsp
16.2 struts.xml
16.3 UserAction.java
16.4 user_success.jsp
17、OGNL
18、struts标签
11、访问web元素
11.1 index.jsp
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB18030" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<% String context = request.getContextPath(); %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030" />
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
取得Map类型request,session,application,真实类型 HttpServletRequest, HttpSession, ServletContext的引用:
<ol>
<li>前三者:依赖于容器</li>
<li>前三者:IOC</li> (只用这种)
<li>后三者:依赖于容器</li>
<li>后三者:IOC</li>
</ol>
<br />
<form name="f" action="" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="name"/>
密码:<input type="text" name="password"/>
<br />
<!-- 多个按钮提交同一个表单到不同action -->
<input type="button" value="submit1" onclick="javascript:document.f.action='login/login1';document.f.submit();" />
<input type="button" value="submit2" onclick="javascript:document.f.action='login/login2';document.f.submit();" />
<input type="button" value="submit3" onclick="javascript:document.f.action='login/login3';document.f.submit();" />
<input type="button" value="submit4" onclick="javascript:document.f.action='login/login4';document.f.submit();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
11.2 struts.xml利用通配符调用方法
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="login" extends="struts-default" namespace="/login">
<action name="login*" class="com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action.LoginAction{1}">
<result>/user_login_success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
11.2 LoginAction1.java
package com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* 依赖struts2容器
* ActionContext.getContext()不是一个单例
* 前端可以用request、session、application对象取出
* @author LOOK
*
*/
public class LoginAction1 extends ActionSupport {
private Map request;
private Map session;
private Map application;
public LoginAction1() {
//Stack Content的值
request = (Map)ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
}
public String execute() {
request.put("r1", "r1");
session.put("s1", "s1");
application.put("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
11.3 LoginAction2.java(常用)
图11-1 LoginAction2.pngpackage com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**常用
* DI dependency injection依赖注入
* IoC inverse of control控制反转
* @author LOOK
*
*/
public class LoginAction2 extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,SessionAware, ApplicationAware {
private Map<String, Object> request;
private Map<String, Object> session;
private Map<String, Object> application;
public String execute() {
request.put("r1", "r1");
session.put("s1", "s1");
application.put("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
this.request = request;//注入
}
@Override
public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
this.session = session;
}
@Override
public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
this.application = application;
}
}
11.4 LoginAction3.java
package com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* 基本不用
* @author LOOK
*
*/
public class LoginAction3 extends ActionSupport {
private HttpServletRequest request;
private HttpSession session;
private ServletContext application;
public LoginAction3() {
request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
session = request.getSession();
application = session.getServletContext();
}
public String execute() {
request.setAttribute("r1", "r1");
session.setAttribute("s1", "s1");
application.setAttribute("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
11.5 LoginAction4.java
package com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* 基本不用
* @author LOOK
*
*/
public class LoginAction4 extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware {
private HttpServletRequest request;
private HttpSession session;
private ServletContext application;
public String execute() {
request.setAttribute("r1", "r1");
session.setAttribute("s1", "s1");
application.setAttribute("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
this.session = request.getSession();
this.application = session.getServletContext();
}
}
11.6 user_login_success.jsp
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB18030" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030" />
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
User Login Success!
<br />
<s:property value="#request.r1"/> | <%=request.getAttribute("r1") %> <br />
<s:property value="#session.s1"/> | <%=session.getAttribute("s1") %> <br />
<s:property value="#application.a1"/> | <%=application.getAttribute("a1") %> <br />
<!-- 遍历所有,查找attr中的key为a1,s1,r1的值,尽量不用 -->
<s:property value="#attr.a1"/><br />
<s:property value="#attr.s1"/><br />
<s:property value="#attr.r1"/><br />
<s:debug></s:debug>
<br />
</body>
</html>
12、模块包含和默认action
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<!—默认:将错误输入都归到index action下 -->
<default-action-ref name="index"></default-action-ref>
<!—包含:协作开发时常用于将各模块的配置合并 -->
<include file="login.xml" />
</struts>
13、Result结果类型
(1) dispatcher
(2) redirect
(3) chain
(4) redirectAction
(5) freemarker
(6) httpheader
(7) stream
(8) velocity
(9) xslt
(10) plaintext
(11) tiles
注:(1)(2)只能跳转到页面,不能跳转到action,这两个最常用
Redirect:服务器端跳转
13.1 index.jsp
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB18030" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<% String context = request.getContextPath(); %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030" />
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Result类型
<ol>
<li><a href="r/r1">dispatcher</a></li>
<li><a href="r/r2">redirect</a></li>
<li><a href="r/r3">chain</a></li>
<li><a href="r/r4">redirectAction</a></li>
<li>freemarker</li>
<li>httpheader</li>
<li>stream</li>
<li>velocity</li>
<li>xslt</li>
<li>plaintext</li>
<li>tiles</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
13.2 struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="resultTypes" namespace="/r" extends="struts-default">
<action name="r1">
<result type="dispatcher">/r1.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="r2">
<result type="redirect">/r2.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="r3">
<result type="chain">r1</result>
</action>
<action name="r4">
<result type="redirectAction">r2</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
14、全局结果集
当很多action调用的结果集相同时,可以使用全局结果集,供pageage中所有action使用(方法的返回值为mainpage)。
<global-results>
<result name="mainpage">/main.jsp</result>
</global-results>
如果两个action不在同一个包里时,
<package name="admin" namespace="/admin" extends="user">
<action name="admin" class="com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action.AdminAction">
<result>/admin.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
即:在另一个需要使用全局结果集的包里加上extends=”user”
.
15、动态结果集
15.1 action方法中的处理
public String execute() throws Exception {
if(type == 1) r="/user_success.jsp";
else if (type == 2) r="/user_error.jsp";
return "success";
}
15.2 struts.xml
<!-- 用于struts配置文件中的OGNL表达式,不是EL表达式 -->
<!-- 动态跳转到不同文件 -->
<action name="user" class="com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action.UserAction">
<result>${r}</result>
</action>
根据r的返回值跳转到user_success.jsp或者user_error.jsp。
16、带参数的结果集
图16-1 带参数的结果集.png16.1 index.jsp
向结果传参数
<ol>
<li><a href="user/user?type=1">传参数</a></li>
</ol>
16.2 struts.xml
<action name="user" class="com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action.UserAction">
<result type="redirect">/user_success.jsp?t=${type}</result>
</action>
16.3 UserAction.java
package com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
private int type;
public int getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(int type) {
this.type = type;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
return "success";
}
}
16.4 user_success.jsp
取出传递的参数
User Success!
from valuestack(直接向jsp发送请求,没有经过action,所以值栈为空): <s:property value="t"/><br/>
from actioncontext: <s:property value="#parameters.t"/>
<s:debug></s:debug>
17、OGNL
- Object Graph Navigation Language
- 想初始化domain model,可以自己new,也可以传参数值,但这时候需要保持参数为空的构造方法
- 其他参考ognl.jsp
- 什么时候在stack中会有两个Action?chain
ognl.jsp
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB18030" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030" />
<title>OGNL表达式语言学习</title>
</head>
<body>
<ol>
<li>访问值栈中的action的普通属性: username = <s:property value="username"/> </li>
<li>访问值栈中对象的普通属性(get set方法)user.age:<s:property value="user.age"/> | <s:property value="user['age']"/> | <s:property value="user[\"age\"]"/> | wrong: <%--<s:property value="user[age]"/>--%></li>
<li>访问值栈中对象的普通属性(get set方法)cat.friend.name:<s:property value="cat.friend.name"/></li>
<li>访问值栈中对象的普通方法password.length():<s:property value="password.length()"/></li>
<li>访问值栈中对象的普通方法cat.miaomiao():<s:property value="cat.miaomiao()" /></li>
<li>访问值栈中action的普通方法m():<s:property value="m()" /></li>
<hr />
<li>访问静态方法@com.bjsxt.struts2.ognl.S@s():<s:property value="@com.bjsxt.struts2.ognl.S@s()"/></li>
<li>访问静态属性@com.bjsxt.struts2.ognl.S@STR:<s:property value="@com.bjsxt.struts2.ognl.S@STR"/></li>
<li>访问Math类的静态方法@@max(2,3):<s:property value="@@max(2,3)" /></li>
<hr />
<li>访问普通类的构造方法new com.bjsxt.struts2.ognl.User(8):<s:property value="new com.bjsxt.struts2.ognl.User(8)"/></li>
<hr />
<li>访问List users:<s:property value="users"/></li>
<li>访问List中某个元素 users[1]:<s:property value="users[1]"/></li>
<li>访问List中元素某个属性的集合(所有user的age属性构成的集合) users.{age}:<s:property value="users.{age}"/></li>
<li>访问List中元素某个属性的集合中的特定值(后者常用) users.{age}[0]|users[0].age:<s:property value="users.{age}[0]"/> | <s:property value="users[0].age"/></li>
<li>访问Set:<s:property value="dogs"/></li>
<li>访问Set中某个元素(无序,访问不到):<s:property value="dogs[1]"/></li>
<li>访问Map:<s:property value="dogMap"/></li>
<li>访问Map中某个元素:<s:property value="dogMap.dog101"/> | <s:property value="dogMap['dog101']"/> | <s:property value="dogMap[\"dog101\"]"/></li>
<li>访问Map中所有的key:<s:property value="dogMap.keys"/></li>
<li>访问Map中所有的value:<s:property value="dogMap.values"/></li>
<li>访问容器的大小:<s:property value="dogMap.size()"/> | <s:property value="users.size"/> </li>
<hr />
<li>投影(过滤)this指循环遍历中符合条件的 当前对象:<s:property value="users.{?#this.age==1}[0]"/></li>
<li>投影:<s:property value="users.{^#this.age>1}.{age}"/></li>
<li>投影:<s:property value="users.{$#this.age>1}.{age}"/></li>
<li>投影:<s:property value="users.{$#this.age>1}.{age} == null"/></li>
<hr />
<li>[]Value Stack Contents的从上往下的内容:<s:property value="[0].username"/></li>
</ol>
<s:debug></s:debug>
</body>
</html>
18、struts标签
1. 通用标签:
a) property
b) set
i. 默认为action scope,会将值放入request和ActionContext
ii. page、request、session、application
c) bean
d) include(对中文文件支持有问题,不建议使用,如需包含,改用jsp包含)
e) param
f) debug
2. 控制标签
a) if elseif else
b) iterator
i. collections map enumeration iterator array
c) subset
3. UI标签
a) theme
i. simple xhtml(默认) css_xhtml ajax
4. $ # %的区别
a) $用于i18n和struts配置文件
b) #取得ActionContext的值
c) %将原本的文本属性解析为ognl,对于本来就是ognl的属性不起作用
i. 参考<s:property 和 <s:include>
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