Google官方在 I/O大会中引入一些列Android新的体系架构内容,其中有一个是Android的Lifecycle。他的一些便利之处。
AS中添加依赖
首先在工程根目录的build.gradle
中添加一下内容:
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
maven { url 'https://maven.google.com' } //添加此行
}
}
然后在应用目录下的build.gradle
中添加以下依赖:
implementation "android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.1.1"
annotationProcessor "android.arch.lifecycle:compiler:1.1.1"
项目中我们经常会使用一些监听,比如网络监听
原先我们大概是这么写的:
/**
回调接口
*/
public interface NetworkListener {
/**
* @param isNetConnect 是否连接网络
*/
void networkChange(boolean isNetConnect);
}
网络监听的管理类:
//Observable<T>是android.database;包下的,提供注册监听和反注册等几个方法
//7.0以后还是可以用动态广播监听网络状态的,这里就不讲这些适配问题了
public class NetworkManager extends Observable<NetworkListener> {
private boolean isNetConnect = true;
private NetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver mNetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver;
private NetworkManager() {
registerNetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver();
}
public boolean isNetConnect() {
return isNetConnect;
}
private static class SingletonHolder {
private static final NetworkManager INSTANCE = new NetworkManager();
}
//获取单例
public static NetworkManager getInstance() {
return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
}
public void notifyChange(boolean isNetConnect) {
this.isNetConnect = isNetConnect;
for (NetworkListener mObserver : mObservers) {
if (mObserver != null) mObserver.networkChange(isNetConnect);
}
}
private void registerNetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver() {
try {
mNetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver = new NetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver();
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
BaseApplication.getApplication().registerReceiver(mNetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//在Application的onTerminate方法进行反注册
public void unregisterNetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver() {
try {
if (mNetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver != null)
BaseApplication.getApplication().unregisterReceiver(mNetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
class NetworkChangedBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction() != null && intent.getAction().equals(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION)) {
NetworkInfo info = intent.getParcelableExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
if (info != null) {
//如果当前的网络连接成功
notifyChange(info.isConnected());
}
}
}
}
}
activity中使用
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NetworkListener {
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
NetworkManager.getInstance().registerObserver(this);
}
@Override
public void networkChange(boolean isNetConnect) {
Log.d("MainActivity", "isNetConnect:" + isNetConnect);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
NetworkManager.getInstance().unregisterObserver(this);
}
}
NetworkManager.getInstance().registerObserver(this); NetworkManager.getInstance().unregisterObserver(this);
这两段代码监听多了写的很烦,又不是很好抽取,不是每个界面都需这些监听,特别反注册忘写就麻烦了,那么怎么办才能简化掉?
可以使用Lifecycle
加Java8,java8可以允许接口里面有默认方法以及静态方法,不只是单纯的抽象方法,可以有方法体,接下来直接上代码。
NetworkManager
不做任何改动,首先接口改造,抽取一个BaseListener
,为了让其他类似的监听接口减少代码:
//LifecycleObserver继承它
public interface BaseListener extends LifecycleObserver {
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
default void on_Create() {//java8写法,子类可以选择重写不会强制你去实现这个方法
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
default void on_Destroy() {
}
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE) @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
这里个注解很重要,它可以让接口感知activity的生命周期,除onCreate和onDestroy事件之外,Lifecycle一共提供了所有的生命周期事件,只要通过注解进行声明,就能够使LifecycleObserver观察到对应的生命周期事件,接下来网络监听接口:
public interface NetworkListener extends BaseListener {
/**
* @param isNetConnect 是否连接网络
*/
void networkChange(boolean isNetConnect);
@Override
default void on_Create() {//重写,这边注册监听
Log.d("log==", "注册啦");
NetworkManager.getInstance().registerObserver(this);
}
@Override
default void on_Destroy() {//反注册监听
Log.d("log==", "取消注册");
NetworkManager.getInstance().unregisterObserver(this);
}
}
接下来就是简单了activity中只需要继承NetworkListener
接口实现networkChange
方法即可
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity<ActivityMainBinding> implements NetworkListener {
@Override
protected int getLayoutResID() {
return R.layout.activity_main;
}
@Override
public void networkChange(boolean isNetConnect) {
Log.d("log==", "isNetConnect:" + isNetConnect);
}
}
运行效果:
D/log==: 注册啦
D/log==: isNetConnect:true
D/log==: 取消注册 //结束mainactivity
忘了另外一步了,最主要的BaseActivity
getLifecycle().addObserver(this);调用了这个方法就可以让实现LifecycleObserver
的类可以感知生命周期
public abstract class BaseActivity<T extends ViewDataBinding> extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
protected T mDataBind;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if (this instanceof LifecycleObserver) getLifecycle().addObserver((LifecycleObserver) this);
ActivityManager.getActivityManager().addActivity(this);
int resID = getLayoutResID();
if (resID != -1 && resID != 0) {
mDataBind = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, resID);
}
initToolbar();
initView();
setListener();
getData();
}
/**
* 获取布局ID
*/
protected abstract int getLayoutResID();
/**
* 初始化Toolbar
*/
protected void initToolbar() {
}
/**
* 初始化view
*/
protected abstract void initView();
/**
* 设置监听
*/
protected abstract void setListener();
/**
* 获取网络数据,获取数据后也在这里更新数据
*/
protected abstract void getData();
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
}
@Override
public Resources getResources() {
Resources resources = super.getResources();
if (resources != null && resources.getConfiguration().fontScale != 1.0f) {
android.content.res.Configuration configuration = resources.getConfiguration();
configuration.fontScale = 1.0f;
resources.updateConfiguration(configuration, resources.getDisplayMetrics());
}
return resources;
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
ActivityManager.getActivityManager().removeActivity(this);
if (mDataBind != null) mDataBind.unbind();//加快回收~
}
}
配合mvp模式也是绝佳,可以让p层感知生命周期
原理就不在这边累述了,附上lifecycle
官方文档
这边还稍微用到了另外一个组件DataBinding
有兴趣的可以学习下
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