这里以CentOS为例，如果在ubuntu上有不一样的地方，在后面咱在列出来。
安装Docker
- Install required packages. yum-utils provides the yum-config-manager utility, and device-mapper-persistent-data and lvm2 are required by the devicemapper storage driver.(这段话是照抄官网的)
$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
- Set up the stable repository
$ sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ sudo yum install -y docker-ce
$ docker --version
Docker version 18.09.5, build e8ff056
$ sudo systemctl enable docker && sudo systemctl restart docker
[sudo] password for ops:
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
上面第一个命令是添加repo. 第二个就是安装. 第三个是试一下是否安装成功. 第四个是将docker添加到service.下面来测试一下docker是不是真的work:
$ docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:92695bc579f31df7a63da6922075d0666e565ceccad16b59c3374d2cf4e8e50e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Cool. 我们已经成功地把Docker安装在我们机器上了. 接下来听再做点其它的:
首先呢, 大部分docker命令都是需要sudo权限的, 每次都要敲密码是不是很烦呢. 幸好, 在Docker安装好之后就有个group叫docker已经准备就绪. 我们只要把我们的用户名加到这个组就好了. Let's do it:
$ sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker
Adding user ops to group docker
这个命令执行后需要重新登录一下shell.
小结： 命令列表
sudo sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum install -y docker-ce
sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl restart docker
测试
接下来我们来敲几下命令玩一下:
$ docker version
Client:
Version: 18.09.5
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: e8ff056
Built: Thu Apr 11 04:43:34 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.5
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: e8ff056
Built: Thu Apr 11 04:13:40 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
运行下面这个命令, 你会得到docker命令的参数的完整列表
$ docker help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/home/ops/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/ops/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/ops/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/ops/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
如果想知道build这个命令怎么用, 就敲下面这个命令:
$ docker build --help
Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build an image from a Dockerfile
Options:
--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
--build-arg list Set build-time variables
--cache-from strings Images to consider as cache sources
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--compress Compress the build context using gzip
--cpu-period int Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
-f, --file string Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
--force-rm Always remove intermediate containers
--iidfile string Write the image ID to the file
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--label list Set metadata for an image
-m, --memory bytes Memory limit
--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--network string Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
--no-cache Do not use cache when building the image
--pull Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
-q, --quiet Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
--rm Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
--security-opt strings Security options
--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm
-t, --tag list Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format
--target string Set the target build stage to build.
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
所有命令, 如果不知道怎么用, 都可以这样来.
接下来来点实在的, 安装个nginx
$ docker run --name docker-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
27833a3ba0a5: Pull complete
eb51733b5bc0: Pull complete
994d4a01fbe9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:50174b19828157e94f8273e3991026dc7854ec7dd2bbb33e7d3bd91f0a4b333d
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
现在试一下:
$ wget http://localhost:8080
--2019-04-13 16:32:54-- http://localhost:8080/
Resolving localhost (localhost)... ::1, 127.0.0.1
Connecting to localhost (localhost)|::1|:8080... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 612 [text/html]
Saving to: ‘index.html’
100%[=============================================================================>] 612 --.-K/s in 0s
2019-04-13 16:32:54 (96.8 MB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [612/612]
$ cat index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
常用命令
列出当前的images
$ docker image ls
# OR
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest bb776ce48575 2 days ago 109MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 3 months ago 1.84kB
这就是我们刚才pull下来的两个images.
未完待续
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