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如何理解UIButton的imageEdgeInsets和tit

如何理解UIButton的imageEdgeInsets和tit

作者: mobilefellow | 来源:发表于2017-08-11 18:30 被阅读399次

    理论

    var imageEdgeInsets: UIEdgeInsets { get set }
    

    Use this property to resize and reposition the effective drawing rectangle for the button image. You can specify a different value for each of the four insets (top, left, bottom, right). A positive value shrinks, or insets, that edge—moving it closer to the center of the button. A negative value expands, or outsets, that edge. Use the UIEdgeInsetsMake(::::) function to construct a value for this property. The default value is UIEdgeInsetsZero.

    var titleEdgeInsets: UIEdgeInsets { get set }
    

    Use this property to resize and reposition the effective drawing rectangle for the button title. You can specify a different value for each of the four insets (top, left, bottom, right). A positive value shrinks, or insets, that edge—moving it closer to the center of the button. A negative value expands, or outsets, that edge. Use the UIEdgeInsetsMake(::::) function to construct a value for this property. The default value is UIEdgeInsetsZero.

    官方文档对于这个两个属性的解释如上,老实说,非常不直观,看完依然不懂。要理解titleEdgeInsets,可以从以下几方面考虑(imageEdgeInsets的理解与titleEdgeInsets完全一致):

    • 首先,最重要的是将它理解为title的新位置与title旧位置之间的相对关系!而不是title与button中心的相对关系。
    • 其次,要理解正值和负值对position的影响,可以参考CSS的padding。在CSS中,padding为正时,意味着view向内收缩,padding为负,意味着view向外扩张。


      实现titleLabel在左,imageView在右

      首先不考虑两者之间的spacing,答案就是

      button.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: titleLabel.width, bottom: 0, right: -titleLabel.width)
      button.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: -imageView.width, bottom: 0, right: imageView.width)
      

      imageView右移,相当于它的左侧向内收缩了titleLabel.width(正值),它的右侧向外扩张了titleLabel.width(负值)。

      titleLabel左移,相当于它的左侧向外扩张了imageView.width(负值)它的右侧向内收缩了imageView.width(正值)。

      实际使用时,我们可以编写一个UIButton的extension,方便使用。实现时需要考虑title和image之间的spacing,以及增加spacing后若button宽度不够导致的image和title的压缩。下面的代码给出了alignHorizontal()的两种实现,第一个是完全按照我们上面所讲概念编写的,第二个是一种更优雅的写法。

      extension UIButton {
      
          func alignHorizontal2(spacing: CGFloat, imageFirst: Bool) {
              let edgeOffset = spacing / 2
              if imageFirst {
                  imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0,
                                                 left: -edgeOffset,
                                                 bottom: 0,
                                                 right: edgeOffset)
                  titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0,
                                                 left: edgeOffset,
                                                 bottom: 0,
                                                 right: -edgeOffset)
              } else {
                  guard let imageSize = self.imageView?.image?.size,
                      let text = self.titleLabel?.text,
                      let font = self.titleLabel?.font
                      else {
                          return
                  }
                  let labelString = NSString(string: text)
                  let titleSize = labelString.size(attributes: [NSFontAttributeName: font])
                  imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0,
                                                 left: titleSize.width + edgeOffset,
                                                 bottom: 0,
                                                 right: -titleSize.width - edgeOffset)
                  titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0,
                                                 left: -imageSize.width - edgeOffset,
                                                 bottom: 0,
                                                 right: imageSize.width + edgeOffset)
              }
      
              // increase content width to avoid clipping
              contentEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: edgeOffset, bottom: 0, right: edgeOffset)
          }
      
          func alignHorizontal(spacing: CGFloat, imageFirst: Bool) {
              let edgeOffset = spacing / 2
              imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0,
                                             left: -edgeOffset,
                                             bottom: 0,
                                             right: edgeOffset)
              titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0,
                                             left: edgeOffset,
                                             bottom: 0,
                                             right: -edgeOffset)
      
              if !imageFirst {
                  self.transform = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: -1, y: 1)
                  imageView?.transform = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: -1, y: 1)
                  titleLabel?.transform = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: -1, y: 1)
              }
      
              // increase content width to avoid clipping
              contentEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: edgeOffset, bottom: 0, right: edgeOffset)
          }
      
      }
      

      实现titleLabel和imageView垂直居中

      若imageView在上,titleLabel在下,且不考虑两者之间的spacing,答案是

      let imageVerticalOffset = (titleSize.height + spacing)/2
      let titleVerticalOffset = (imageSize.height + spacing)/2
      let imageHorizontalOffset = (titleSize.width)/2
      let titleHorizontalOffset = (imageSize.width)/2
      
      imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: -imageVerticalOffset,
                                     left: imageHorizontalOffset,
                                     bottom: imageVerticalOffset,
                                     right: -imageHorizontalOffset)
      titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: titleVerticalOffset,
                                     left: -titleHorizontalOffset,
                                     bottom: -titleVerticalOffset,
                                     right: titleHorizontalOffset)
      

      对于imageView,是右移+上移,以button的中心为原点,原imageView中心坐标是(titleWidth/2, 0),新imageView中心坐标是(0, titleHeight/2),因此水平方向的位移是titleWidth/2,垂直方向上的是titleHeight/2。相当于它的左侧向内收缩了titleWidth/2(正值),它的右侧向外扩张了titleWidth/2(负值),上侧向上扩张了titleHeight/2(负值),下侧向内收缩了titleHeight/2(正值)。

      对于titleLabel,是左移+下移,以button的中心为原点,原titleLabel中心坐标是(imageWidth/2, 0),新titleLabel中心坐标是(0, -imageHeight/2),,因此水平方向的位移是imageWidth/2,垂直方向上的是imageHeight/2。相当于它的左侧向外扩张了imageWidth/2(负值),它的右侧向内收缩了imageWidth/2(正值),上侧向内收缩了imageHeight/2(正值),下侧向外扩张了imageHeight/2(负值)。

      实际使用使用的代码如下,该代码考虑title和image之间的spacing,以及增加spacing后若button高度不够导致的image和title的压缩。

      extension UIButton {
      
          func alignVertical(spacing: CGFloat, imageTop: Bool) {
              guard let imageSize = self.imageView?.image?.size,
                  let text = self.titleLabel?.text,
                  let font = self.titleLabel?.font
                  else {
                      return
              }
              let labelString = NSString(string: text)
              let titleSize = labelString.size(attributes: [NSFontAttributeName: font])
      
              let imageVerticalOffset = (titleSize.height + spacing)/2
              let titleVerticalOffset = (imageSize.height + spacing)/2
              let imageHorizontalOffset = (titleSize.width)/2
              let titleHorizontalOffset = (imageSize.width)/2
              let sign: CGFloat = imageTop ? 1 : -1
      
              imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: -imageVerticalOffset * sign,
                                             left: imageHorizontalOffset,
                                             bottom: imageVerticalOffset * sign,
                                             right: -imageHorizontalOffset)
              titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: titleVerticalOffset * sign,
                                             left: -titleHorizontalOffset,
                                             bottom: -titleVerticalOffset * sign,
                                             right: titleHorizontalOffset)
      
              // increase content height to avoid clipping
              let edgeOffset = (min(imageSize.height, titleSize.height) + spacing)/2
              contentEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: edgeOffset, left: 0, bottom: edgeOffset, right: 0)
          }
      
      }
      

      最好“成对”EdgeInsets

      我们上面讲的都是titleEdgeInset标准用法,即left与right,top与bottom都是成对设置,且它们的值互为相反数。我们最好一直使用这种方式,否则可能导致未知bug。

      若仅设置titleEdgeInsets.left,不设置titleEdgeInsets.right会怎样?

      若仅设置titleEdgeInsets.left = -imageWidth,title会居中,而不是靠左!即相当于titleEdgeInsets.left = -imageWidth/2,titleEdgeInsets.right = -imageWidth/2。

      这样看起来似乎是一种设置edgeInsets的简便写法,即不需要设置4个值,仅需要设置翻倍的2个就好了。但最好不要这样写,因为测试过程中发现,使用这种方式实现alignVertical(spacing: CGFloat, imageTop: Bool) 时,若button的高度正好囊括image和title时,imageTop为true或false时,总会有一种情况下image会被压缩。

      搜了很多文章也没找到titleEdgeInsetimageEdgeInset实现机制,所有人都是在猜它是怎么实现的,因此也无法确定这个bug的原因。

      若设置titleEdgeInsets.left == titleEdgeInsets.right会怎样?

      标准用法中,titleEdgeInsets.left和titleEdgeInsets.right总是互为相反数,因为当title向一个方向移动时,必然是一侧收缩,一侧扩张。那么titleEdgeInsets.left == titleEdgeInsets.right时会怎样呢?测试显示结果不确定。

      当titleEdgeInsets.left == titleEdgeInsets.right == titleWidth/2时,按理说title肯定会被完全折叠,消失,但实际上

      • 若button宽度正好囊括image和title,title才会完全折叠起来。
      • 若button宽度比较大时,title只会部分折叠。

      因为EdgeInset的机制未知,所以也无法猜透它的原因。总之,最好按标准方式操作titleEdgeInsetimageEdgeInset,不然会有很多莫名其妙的问题。

      其他

      • 使用Xib时,imageEdgeInsets和titleEdgeInsets的right都不能设置为负数,经测试,通过代码方式设置负数是有效的,Xib中无法设置应该是Bug。

      参考

      详解UIButton的imageEdgeInsets和titleEdgeInsets属性

      UIButton的titleEdgeInsets属性和imageEdgeInsets属性实现图片文字按要求排列

      UIButton: how to center an image and a text using imageEdgeInsets and titleEdgeInsets?

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