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also
adv. 也，而且，同样
conj. 并且，另外
n. Also人名
1. in addition to something else that you have mentioned 而且，除此之外，还。
- She sings beautifully and also plays the flute and piano.
- The system not only complicated but also ineffective.
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In written English, avoid starting a sentence with also. Use furthermore or moreover instead, or put also before the main verb.
- Also, it costs more. -> Furthermore, it costs more.
- It also costs more.
2. used to say that the same thing is true about another person or thing. 也，同样。
- My girlfriend was also called Helen.
- I also have a red dress.
and
conj. 和，与，就，而且，但是，然后
n. And人名
1. also; in addition to 和；与；同；又；而
- bread and butter 涂黄油的面包
- a table, two chairs and a desk.
- Sue and I left early.
- Do it slowly and carefully.
- Can he read and write.
- I cooked lunch. And i made a cake. (you emphasizing how much you done.)
HELP: When and is used in common phrase connecting two things or people that are closely linked, the determiner(限定语) is not usually repeated before the second，such as "a knife and fork" or "my father and mother", but "a knife and a spoon" and "my father and my uncle".
2. added to; plus 加上；加。
- 5 and 5 makes 10. 5加5等于10
- What's 47 and 16? 47加16等于多少？
HELP: When numbers (but not dates) are spoken, and is used between the hundreds and the figures(数字；金额；价格) that follow: "2264-two thousand, two hundred and sixty-four", but "1964-nineteen sixty-four".
3. then; following this 然后；接着
- She came in and took her coat off.
4. go, come, try, stay, etc.～ used before a verb instead of "to", to show purpose. （用于动词前代替to,表示目的）...为了
- Go and get me a pen please.
- I'll come and see you soon.
- We stopped and bought some bread.
5. used to introduce a comment or a question (引出说话或提问) 那么，于是
- A: We talked for for hours.
- B: And what did you decide?
6. as a result (表示结果)结果是；那么；就
- Miss another class and you'll fail.
7. used between repeated words to show that sth is repeated or continuing (连接相同的词，表示反复或连续)连接，又，愈来愈
- He tried and tried but without success.
- The pain got worse and worse.
8. used between repeated words to show that there are important differences between things or people of the same kind(连接相同的词，强调差别) 与...不同，各有不同
- I like city lief but there are cities and cities. 我喜欢城市成活，但城市之间也有差异。
and then
于是，然后
subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)
同义词：then, so, and so
- I couldn't take my eyes from it. I looked at the photograph for some hours and then began working.
- But you have to create what you want first and then live into it.
- We can apply together and then go on holiday.
- Go down this road and then turn left.
too
adv. 太，也，很，还，非常，过度
1. [+ adj./adv.]more than is acceptable or possible. 太，过分
- Do you think the music's too loud?
- You've put too much salt in the soup.
- There are too many cars on the road.
much/far too
- Amanda is far too young to get married.
too...for sth./sb.
- I was getting too old for romantic relationships. 我的年龄已经不适合谈情说爱了。
- My boots were three sizes too big for me.
too...to do sth. 太...而不能做某事
- He was too ill to travel.
too...for sb to do sth.
- The box was too heavy for me to lift.
GRAMMAR 语法
Do not use too after 'a' before an adjective and noun. Put too and the adjective before 'a'. Don't use too much before an adjective. Just use too. 形容词之前不用too much, 只用too.
- It's too high a price to pay.
- The house would be too expensive (NOT too much expensive) for local people.
2. also 也，亦，还
- There were people from all over Europe and America too. 有来自欧洲各地的人，也有来自美国的人。
- Can i come too?
- I'm feeling hungry. Me too.
- It's a more efficient system and it's cheaper too.
GRAMMAR: Too is usually used at the end of a clause. In formal writing, too can be put after the subject, or after an adverb or prepositional phrase at the beginning of a clause.
- He was a teacher too.
- We too must play our part. 我们也必须尽自己的责任。
- Here, too, matters are not so simple. 这里也是，事情并不那么简单。
3. [+adj./adv.] used with a negative to mean 'not very' [spoken] 与否定词连用，表示“不很”、“不非常”。【口语】
- She doesn't seem too upset about it.
- What was the weather like? Oh, not too bad.
- She was none too pleased (= not at all pleased) when i told her. 一点也不高兴。
4. all too/only too
used to emphasize that a particular situation exists when you wish it did not exist. 很，极，非常
- Beggars are becoming an all too familiar sight in our cities. 在我们的城市里，乞丐已经是见多不怪了。
- I regret to say that these rumors are only too true. 我遗憾地说，这些传言完全属实。
5. used to emphasize a remark that you are adding 用于强调补充的话语
- A: "He's been banned from driving." B: "A good thing too."
- A: "A woman farmer?" B: "Yes, and a rich one too."
6. I am/he is/you are etc too!
used to emphasize that disagree with what someone has said about someone or something especially AmE [informal] 尤美，非正式 用于断然表示不同意
- You're not smart enough to use a computer. I am too! 你不够机灵，不会用电脑。 我其实会。
7. be too much for sb
used to say that something is so difficult, tiring, upsetting etc that someone cannot do it or bear it. 非某人能力所及，非某人所能忍受。
- Working full-time was too much for her.
- The shock was too much for him.
8. [+adj./adv.] very [spoken formal] 很，非常【口语，正式】
- Thank you. You are too kind.
9. be only too glad/pleased to do sth.
to be very willing to do something 非常乐意做某事
- I'd be only too pleased to assist you.
10. too little, too late
used to complain that not enough is being done to solve a problem and that the action did not start early enough.
- Doctors have criticized the government's response to the crisis as too little, too late.
in addition
- In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants friendly and peaceful society.
besides
1. in addition to sb./sth.; apart form sb/sth 除..之外（还）
- We have lots of things in common besides music.
- Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.
- I've got no family besides my parents.
WHICH WORD? 词语辨析 besides, apart from, except
1. The preposition besides means 'in addition to'. besides做介词表示除...之外（还）：
- What other sports do you like besides football? 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
You use except when you mention the only thing that is not included in a statement.
- I like all sports except football. 除足球外我喜欢所有运动。
You can use apart from with both these meanings.
furthermore
adv. 此外，而且
1. (formal) in addition to what has just been stated. Furthermore is used especially to add a point to an argument.
- He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her.
moreover
adv. 此外，而且
1. (formal) used to introduce some new information that adds to or supports what you have said previously.
- A talented artist, he was, moreover, a writer of some note.
- Moreover, at least, we can help each other in the journey.
what's more
而且
- What's more, I can learn a lot form my teachers.
again
adv. 又，此外，再一次，再说，增加
1. one more time; on another occasion 再一次，又一次
- Could you say it again, please?
- When will i see you again?
2. showing that sb/sth is in the same place or state that they were in originally 返回原处，复原
- He was glad to be home again.
- You'll soon feel well again. 你很快就会康复的。
3. added to an amount that is already there 增加，多
- The cost is about half as much again as it was two years ago.现在的物价比两年前提高约一半。
- I'd like the same again.
4. used to show that a comment or fact is connected with what you have just said. 再说，其次
- And again, we mush think of the cost. 再说，我们必须考虑成本。
5. then/there ～ used to introduce a fact or an opinion that contracts with what you have just said. 再说，另一方面。
- We might buy it but then again we might not.
on top of that
除此之外
On top of that, if you are working for money, then your earning potential is limited.
an another thing 还有一件事
first, second, third, fourth
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