python豆瓣多线程爬虫加IP代理（免费的一般是不稳定）

最近研究了一下python爬虫，所以写一下自己的经验，爬取豆瓣电影的信息。（第一次写这个！）

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1，首先找一些代理用户代理（user_agent）

self.user_agent = [

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",

"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",

]

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2.找了一个获取代理ip的网址

www.kuaidaili.com/ops/proxyli…

3.测试代理ip是否有效的网址

'http://icanhazip.com'

4.下面代码是爬取信息所用的时间。

# 计算运行所需的时间

def run_time(func):

def wrapper(*args, **kw):

start = time.time()

func(*args, **kw)

end = time.time()

print('running', end-start, 's')

return wrapper

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5.定义一些常量

def __init__(self):

# 豆瓣链接

self.start_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'

# 获取代理IP链接,不能确保代理ip真实可用

self.getProxy = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/1/'

# 测试代理IP是否代理成功

self.testIP = 'http://icanhazip.com'

# 爬取豆瓣信息的队列

self.qurl = Queue()

# 爬取代理ip信息的队列

self.IPQurl = Queue()

self.data = list()

self.item_num = 5 # 限制每页提取个数（也决定了二级页面数量）防止对网页请求过多

self.thread_num = 10 # 抓取二级页面线程数量

self.first_running = True

# 设置代理ip

self.proxy = {}

# 设置获取代理ip的代理ip

self.proxy1 = {}

# 不设置代理ip

self.notproxy = {}

self.user_agent = [

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",

"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",

]

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6.爬取代理ip的信息放入队列里，方便爬取豆瓣信息时获取。

def get_proxy(self):

url = self.getProxy

try:

# random.choice(self.user_agent)是随机获取一个用户代理。

# 因为免费的代理ip不稳定所以这里设置self.notproxy，如果稳定的话就换成self.proxy1

r = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)}, proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=1)

r.encoding = 'utf-8'

if (r.status_code == 200):

soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')

ip_list = soup.find_all('table', id='ip_list')

if(len(ip_list)):

tr_list = ip_list[0].find_all('tr')[1:10]

for i in tr_list:

td_list = i.find_all('td')

temp = td_list[5].text + ',' + td_list[1].text + ':' +td_list[2].text

self.IPQurl.put(temp)

return True

else:

print('页面查询不到该id')

return False

else:

print('无法获取代理ip')

return False

except Exception as e:

print('获取代理ip出错--',str(e))

return False

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7.设置代理ip的值

def set_proxy(self):

if self.IPQurl.empty():

if self.get_proxy():

arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')

arr1 = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')

if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:

self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr[1]}

else:

self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr[1]}

if arr1[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:

self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr1[1]}

else:

self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr1[1]}

else:

self.proxy = {}

self.proxy1 = {}

else:

arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')

if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:

self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}

else:

self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}

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8.开始爬取豆瓣top250数据的链接。

def parse_first(self, url):

print('crawling,parse_first', url)

self.set_proxy()

try:

# 因为免费的代理ip不稳定所以这里设置self.notproxy，如果稳定的话就换成self.proxy

r = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=5)

r.encoding = 'utf-8'

if r.status_code == 200:

soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')

# 每一页爬数据条数

movies = soup.find_all('div', class_='info')[:self.item_num]

for movie in movies:

url = movie.find('div', class_='hd').a['href']

self.qurl.put(url)

nextpage = soup.find('span', class_='next').a

if nextpage:

nexturl = self.start_url + nextpage['href']

self.parse_first(nexturl)

else:

self.first_running = False

else:

print('ip被屏蔽')

self.proxy = {}

self.proxy1 = {}

self.first_running = False

except Exception as e:

self.proxy = {}

self.proxy1 = {}

self.first_running = False

print('代理ip代理失败--',str(e))

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9.是时候爬取真正的信息了，爬取的信息写入数组里面。

def parse_second(self):

# 停止触发的条件是self.first_running = False和self.qurl为空。

while self.first_running or not self.qurl.empty():

if not self.qurl.empty():

url = self.qurl.get()

print('crawling,parse_second', url)

self.set_proxy()

try:

r = requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=5)

r.encoding = 'utf-8'

if r.status_code == 200:

soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')

mydict = {}

mydict['url'] = url

title = soup.find('span', property = 'v:itemreviewed')

mydict['title'] = title.text if title else None

duration = soup.find('span', property = 'v:runtime')

mydict['duration'] = duration.text if duration else None

addtime = soup.find('span', property = 'v:initialReleaseDate')

mydict['addtime'] = addtime.text if addtime else None

average = soup.find('strong', property = 'v:average')

mydict['average'] = average.text if average else None

imgSrc = soup.find_all('div', id='mainpic')[0].img['src']

mydict['imgSrc'] = imgSrc if imgSrc else None

mydict['play'] = []

ul = soup.find_all('ul', class_='bs')

if len(ul):

li = ul[0].find_all('li')

for i in li:

obj = {

'url':urllib.parse.unquote(i.a['href'].replace('https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=','')),

'text':i.a.text.replace(' ', '').replace('','')

}

mydict['play'].append(obj)

self.data.append(mydict)

# 线程随机休眠

time.sleep(random.random() * 5)

else:

print('ip被屏蔽')

except Exception as e:

self.proxy = {}

self.proxy1 = {}

print('代理ip代理失败2--',str(e))

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10.真正要运行的函数是这里。

#这个是函数运行完所需要的时间

@run_time

def run(self):

ths = []

th1 = Thread(target=self.parse_first, args=(self.start_url, ))

th1.start()

ths.append(th1)

for _ in range(self.thread_num):

th = Thread(target=self.parse_second,)

th.setDaemon(True)

th.start()

ths.append(th)

for th in ths:

# 等待线程终止

th.join()

s = json.dumps(self.data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

with open('top250.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:

f.write(s)

print('Data crawling is finished.')

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11.开始运行啦。

if __name__ == '__main__':

Spider().run()

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12.最后运行完啦。这里只爬取了50条数据，用了20秒。

爬取出来的数据格式是这样子的。

13.最后附上所有代码，希望能帮到你。

import time

import json

import random

import logging

import requests

import urllib.parse

from queue import Queue

from threading import Thread

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

logging.captureWarnings(True)

# 爬豆瓣电影 Top 250

# 计算运行所需的时间

def run_time(func):

def wrapper(*args, **kw):

start = time.time()

func(*args, **kw)

end = time.time()

print('running', end-start, 's')

return wrapper

class Spider():

def __init__(self):

self.start_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'

# 获取代理IP链接,不能确保代理ip真实可用

self.getProxy = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/1/'

# 测试代理IP是否代理成功

self.testIP = 'http://icanhazip.com'

self.qurl = Queue()

self.IPQurl = Queue()

self.data = list()

self.item_num = 5 # 限制每页提取个数（也决定了二级页面数量）防止对网页请求过多

self.thread_num = 10 # 抓取二级页面线程数量

self.first_running = True

# 设置代理ip

self.proxy = {}

# 设置获取代理ip的代理ip

self.proxy1 = {}

# 不设置代理ip

self.notproxy = {}

self.user_agent = [

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",

"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",

]

def get_proxy(self):

url = self.getProxy

try:

r = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)}, proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=1)

r.encoding = 'utf-8'

if (r.status_code == 200):

soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')

ip_list = soup.find_all('table', id='ip_list')

if(len(ip_list)):

tr_list = ip_list[0].find_all('tr')[1:10]

for i in tr_list:

td_list = i.find_all('td')

temp = td_list[5].text + ',' + td_list[1].text + ':' +td_list[2].text

self.IPQurl.put(temp)

return True

else:

print('页面查询不到该id')

return False

else:

print('无法获取代理ip')

return False

except Exception as e:

print('获取代理ip出错--',str(e))

return False

def set_proxy(self):

if self.IPQurl.empty():

if self.get_proxy():

arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')

arr1 = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')

if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:

self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr[1]}

else:

self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr[1]}

if arr1[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:

self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr1[1]}

else:

self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr1[1]}

else:

self.proxy = {}

self.proxy1 = {}

else:

arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')

if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:

self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}

else:

self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}

def parse_first(self, url):

print('crawling,parse_first', url)

self.set_proxy()

try:

r = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=5)

r.encoding = 'utf-8'

if r.status_code == 200:

soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')

# 每一页爬数据条数

movies = soup.find_all('div', class_='info')[:self.item_num]

for movie in movies:

url = movie.find('div', class_='hd').a['href']

self.qurl.put(url)

nextpage = soup.find('span', class_='next').a

if nextpage:

nexturl = self.start_url + nextpage['href']

self.parse_first(nexturl)

else:

self.first_running = False

else:

print('ip被屏蔽')

self.proxy = {}

self.proxy1 = {}

self.first_running = False

except Exception as e:

self.proxy = {}

self.proxy1 = {}

self.first_running = False

print('代理ip代理失败--',str(e))

def parse_second(self):

while self.first_running or not self.qurl.empty():

if not self.qurl.empty():

url = self.qurl.get()

print('crawling,parse_second', url)

self.set_proxy()

try:

r = requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=5)

r.encoding = 'utf-8'

if r.status_code == 200:

soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')

mydict = {}

mydict['url'] = url

title = soup.find('span', property = 'v:itemreviewed')

mydict['title'] = title.text if title else None

duration = soup.find('span', property = 'v:runtime')

mydict['duration'] = duration.text if duration else None

addtime = soup.find('span', property = 'v:initialReleaseDate')

mydict['addtime'] = addtime.text if addtime else None

average = soup.find('strong', property = 'v:average')

mydict['average'] = average.text if average else None

imgSrc = soup.find_all('div', id='mainpic')[0].img['src']

mydict['imgSrc'] = imgSrc if imgSrc else None

mydict['play'] = []

ul = soup.find_all('ul', class_='bs')

if len(ul):

li = ul[0].find_all('li')

for i in li:

obj = {

'url':urllib.parse.unquote(i.a['href'].replace('https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=','')),

'text':i.a.text.replace(' ', '').replace('','')

}

mydict['play'].append(obj)

self.data.append(mydict)

# 线程随机休眠

time.sleep(random.random() * 5)

else:

print('ip被屏蔽')

except Exception as e:

self.proxy = {}

self.proxy1 = {}

print('代理ip代理失败2--',str(e))

@run_time

def run(self):

ths = []

th1 = Thread(target=self.parse_first, args=(self.start_url, ))

th1.start()

ths.append(th1)

for _ in range(self.thread_num):

th = Thread(target=self.parse_second,)

th.setDaemon(True)

th.start()

ths.append(th)

for th in ths:

# 等待线程终止

th.join()

s = json.dumps(self.data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

with open('top250.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:

f.write(s)

print('Data crawling is finished.')

if __name__ == '__main__':

Spider().run()

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