定义业务异常类：

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {

    //继承的顶级父类实现了序列化接口，子类还是需要显示的声明SerialVersionUID。
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3516896655779527315L;

    private int code;

    /**
     * 直白的异常（便于排查问题）
     */
    private String bluntlyMessage;

    public static BusinessException of(int code, String message) {
        return new BusinessException(code, message, null, null);
    }

    public static BusinessException of(int code, String message, String bluntlyMessage) {
        return new BusinessException(code, message, bluntlyMessage, null);
    }

    public static BusinessException of(int code, String message, Throwable cause) {
        return new BusinessException(code, message, null, cause);
    }

    public static BusinessException of(int code, String message, String bluntlyMessage, Throwable cause) {
        return new BusinessException(code, message, bluntlyMessage, cause);
    }


    public BusinessException(int code, String message, String bluntlyMessage, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
        this.code = code;
        this.bluntlyMessage = bluntlyMessage;
    }

    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public String getBluntlyMessage() {
        return bluntlyMessage;
    }
}

异常枚举类：

public enum ErrorCode {


    PARAM_ERROR(10001, "参数错误"),
    DATA_INVALID(10002, "数据异常"),
    ;


    private int code;
    private String msg;

    ErrorCode(int code, String msg) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    public int getCode() {
        return this.code;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return this.msg;
    }


    public BusinessException toException() {
        return BusinessException.of(this.code, this.msg);
    }

    public BusinessException toException(String message) {
        return BusinessException.of(this.code, message);
    }


    public BusinessException toException(String message, Throwable e) {
        return BusinessException.of(this.code, message, ExceptionUtil.getLogErrorMessage(e), e);
    }

    public BusinessException formatException(String format, String... args) {
        return BusinessException.of(this.code, String.format(format, args));
    }
}

工具类：

public class ExceptionUtil {
    //主键/唯一键冲突的异常信息
    public static final String UNIQUE_ERROR = "Duplicate entry";

    //判断返回的Message是否含有 UNIQUE_ERROR主键冲突。
    public static String getErrorCode(Exception e) {
        String errorCode = "";
        if (e.getCause() != null && e.getCause().getMessage() != null) {
            errorCode = e.getCause().getMessage();
        }
        if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(errorCode) && e.getMessage() != null) {
            errorCode = e.getMessage();
        }
        return errorCode;
    }


    /**
     * 获取到异常描述
     *
     * @param e 异常信息
     * @return "异常信息||异常类名||异常位置"
     */
    public static String getLogErrorMessage(Throwable e) {
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = e.getStackTrace();
        StackTraceElement stackTraceElement = null;
        if (stackTrace != null && stackTrace.length >= 1) {
            stackTraceElement = stackTrace[0];
        }
        return e.getMessage() + "||" + e.getClass().getSimpleName() + "||" + stackTraceElement;
    }

    /**
     * 判断抛出的异常是否包含某类异常
     *
     * @param throwable 抛出的异常
     * @param clazz     是否包含的异常类
     * @return true表示throwable中包含clazz的异常，false表示throwable中不包含clazz异常。
     */
    public static boolean containThrowable(Throwable throwable, Class<? extends Throwable> clazz) {
        boolean result = false;
        Throwable t = throwable;
        while (t != null) {
            if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(t.getClass())) {
                result = true;
                break;
            }
            t = t.getCause();
        }
        return result;
    }

}

使用方式：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            int i=1/0;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw ErrorCode.PARAM_ERROR.toException("系统错误", e);
        }
    }
}

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