上一篇文章,讲述了如何通过RestTemplate+Ribbon去消费服务,这篇文章主要讲述如何通过Feign去消费服务。
一、Feign简介
Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign,只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon,并和Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。
简而言之:
- Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
- Feign 整合了ribbon
二、准备工作
继续用上一节的工程, 启动eureka-server,端口为8761; 启动service-hi 两次,端口分别为8762 、8773.
三、创建一个feign的服务
3.1、新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为service-feign
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3.2、在pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.13.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.7</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
3.3、在工程的配置文件application.properties文件,指定程序名为service-feign,端口号为8765,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,代码如下:
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server.port=8765
spring.application.name=service-feign
3.4、在程序的启动类加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能:
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.feign"})
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.feign")
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudfeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudfeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.5、定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了service-hello服务的“/hello”接口,代码如下:
@FeignClient(value = "SERVICE-HELLO")
public interface HelloService {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
String sayHelloFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}
3.6、在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下:
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
return helloService.sayHelloFromClientOne(name);
}
}
3.7、启动程序,多次访问http://localhost:8765/hello?name=abc,浏览器交替显示:
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