端午节抽空整理了看不懂的语法句,发现这些看不懂的句子中有很多是与介词相关的语法不太清楚,故补习了下。
介词
介词是位于两个对象之间,表示两个对象的关系;这里的对象可以指人、物、事件等;
示例如:
1....the population of
this town... (该镇的人口);
2.We ran across
the field.(我们路过田野);
需要重点注意的是,介词可以是两个或两个以上的词组成,根据朗文语法附录,具体有如下这些:
由两个组成的介词 | 含意 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
according to ... | 根据、据说 | He advocates streaming children, and educating them according to their needs. |
ahead of ... | 在...之前 | |
along with ... | 随同...一起 | |
apart from | 除了... | |
as for ... | 至于... | As for you, I don't think you have to go in person. |
as regards ... | 至于... | |
as to ... | 至于... | |
as a result of ... | 由于...的结果 | Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment. |
as from ... | 从...开始 | |
as well as | 也... | |
away from ... | 远离... | In my dreams I am not so far away from home. |
because of ... | 因为 | But because of who I am with you. |
but for ... | 如果没有... | But for your help, I could not have succeeded. |
by comparison with |
与...相比 | Furthermore, the characteristics of this model are clarified by comparison with the currently SQA technology. |
by means of ... | 使用... | They stay in touch by means of email. |
due to ... | 由于... | Due to your efforts, each of you has great wealth. |
except from ... | 除了... | I received a gift from everyone, except from my best friend. |
for the sake of | 为了... | She called on us merely for the sake of courtesy. |
from among ... | 从中... | Many technical innovators have emerged from among the workers. |
from under ... | 从...下面 | Steam billowed out from under the bonnet. |
in addition to ... | 除了...外,还 | In addition to my weekly wage, I got a lot of tips. |
in between ... | 在...中间 | Put the maple leaves in between the pages. |
in case of ... | 以防(万一)... | Put the bottle in a plastic bag in case of spillage. |
in charge of ... | 负责... | The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper. |
in common with ... | 和...一样 | She had nothing in common with the other women there. |
in connexion with ... | 与...有关系 | |
in favour of ... | 支持... | His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive. |
in line with ... | 与...一致 | The new proposal is in line with our general line. |
in place of ... | 代替... | Cooked kidney beans can be used in place of French beans. |
in spite of ... | 尽管... | I wouldn't trust them in spite of all their la-di-da manners. |
instead of ... | 代替... | Small pickling onions can be used instead of sliced ones. |
in view of ... | 考虑到... | In view of this, the decision may not be easy. |
near to ... | 接近于... | She is not herself. She came near to a breakdown. |
on account of ... | 由于... | The flight was postponed on account of bad weather. |
on behalf of | 为了...(的利益) | He gave witness on behalf of an accused person. |
on the left/right of ... | 在...的左/右边 | There is a group of figures on the left of the painting. |
out of ... | 脱离... | A lorry ran down the hill out of control. |
owing to ... | 因为... | The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain. (比赛因大雨取消了) |
regardlesss of ... | 不论... | Regardlesss of age, people who have pets, especially dogs, get more exercise than non-pet owners. |
together with ... | 和…一同 | Each of you have to work together with one heart.(你们大家要齐心合力) |
up to ... | 直到... | I have heard nothing from her up to now. |
with the exception of ... | 除了...以外 | I like all fruits with the exception of grape. |
with reference to ... | 关于... | I'll say more about this next time with reference to Yeats's late poetry.(下次我会多谈些这方面的,关于叶芝晚期诗歌的内容) |
with regard to ... | 关于... | "There's no right or wrong answer with regard to 'What's a good cup of coffee?" |
in comparison to/with |
与...相比 | The majority of people still were way late, even in comparison to their most pessimistic forecast! |
小提示:两个词及两个词以上组成的介词在电子词典界面里并不显示prep
的标记,很容易误认为成短语,因此上面这张表的介词建议熟记才行。
小品词
在语法书里,有提到副词小品词(下文简称小品词),一开始也没理解是指什么,后来通过例句才知,原来小品词指介词当副词用,即后面可以没有宾语,实际上对应到电子词典里是指同时含有prep
和adv
的词,如:about、by、in等;
我觉得可以这么定义小品词:小品词指同时具有副词和介词性质,在句子中充当副词用,这种词叫小品词;也即小品词=副词,但比普通的副词(如:quickly)多了介词的性质。
如about
作介词时:
1.Leadership is about the ability to implement change.(领导才能就是要有实施变革的能力。)
about
作小品词(副词)时:
1.Everyone was running about. (大家都在跑来跑去。)
需要特别注意的是out
虽然是介词,但却不能单独接宾语,需要使用out of
来接宾语,如She let him out of the house. (她让他出了屋子)
,而不能说She let him out the house【错误】
。
参考资料:
《朗文英文语法》
金山词霸-柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典
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