SpringMVC又一个漂亮的web框架，他与Struts2并驾齐驱，Struts出世早而占据了一定优势，我在博客《Struts1+Hibernate+Spring整合实例》中做了一个简单的实例，介绍了SSH1的基本搭建方式，Struts2是根据Struts1发展而来，博客中就没有贴SSH2的例子，只对比了下Struts1和Struts2异同，通过对比，SSH2的搭建基本不在话下了。下面同样做一个简单的应用实例，介绍SpringMVC的基本用法，接下来的博客也将梳理一下Struts2和SpringMVC的一些异同，通过梳理和旧知识的联系，让学习的成本变低，花很短的时间就可以了解一门貌似新的技术，其实本质没变。
下面开始实例，这个实例的需求是对用户信息进行增删改查。首先创建一个web项目test_ssh，目录结构及需要的Jar包如下图：
创建一个User实体类，放在Entity包下，采用注解的方式：
package com.tgb.entity;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
@Entity
@Table(name="T_USER")
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="system-uuid")
@GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid",strategy="uuid")
@Column(length=32)
private String id;
@Column(length=32)
private String userName;
@Column(length=32)
private String age;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
本篇关于SpringMVC基本都会采用注解的方式，首先配置好数据源以及事务spring-common.xml，放在config.spring包下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" >
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test_ssh"></property>
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="1"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="annotatedClasses">
<list>
<value>com.tgb.entity.User</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置一个事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务，使用代理的方式 -->
<bean id="transactionProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
<prop key="modify*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-myException</prop>
<prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
然后配置关于SpringMVC的内容，下面配置中都有注释说明，就不再赘述，spring-mvc.xml放在config.spring包下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 注解扫描包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.tgb" />
<!-- 开启注解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 静态资源(js/image)的访问 -->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
<!-- 定义视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
完成这些共用的配置之后，来配置web项目起点web.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>json_test</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 加载所有的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置Spring监听 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 配置字符集 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置Session -->
<filter>
<filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
读者需自行下载jquery包，放到webContent文件夹下的js包下。然后创建几个测试页面，分别如下：
Login.jsp，项目的入口界面。
[html] view plaincopy
<h5><a href="/test_ssh/user/getAllUser">进入用户管理页</a></h5>
Index.jsp，用户管理的主界面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function del(id){
$.get("/test_ssh/user/delUser?id=" + id,function(data){
if("success" == data.result){
alert("删除成功");
window.location.reload();
}else{
alert("删除失败");
}
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h6><a href="/test_ssh/user/toAddUser">添加用户</a></h6>
<table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
<c:if test="${!empty userList }">
<c:forEach items="${userList }" var="user">
<tr>
<td>${user.userName }</td>
<td>${user.age }</td>
<td>
<a href="/test_ssh/user/getUser?id=${user.id }">编辑</a>
<a href="javascript:del('${user.id }')">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</c:if>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
addUser.jsp，添加用户界面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function addUser(){
var form = document.forms[0];
form.action = "/test_ssh/user/addUser";
form.method="post";
form.submit();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加用户</h1>
<form action="" name="userForm">
姓名：<input type="text" name="userName">
年龄：<input type="text" name="age">
<input type="button" value="添加" onclick="addUser()">
</form>
</body>
</html>
editUser.jsp，修改用户信息界面。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>编辑用户</h1>
<form action="/test_ssh/user/updateUser" name="userForm" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="${user.id }">
姓名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${user.userName }">
年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="${user.age }">
<input type="submit" value="编辑" >
</form>
</body>
</html>
还有success.jsp和error.jsp页面，无代码，就不再展示。
框架越来越多，越来越好用，但随之而来的繁杂的、各成体系的配置怎么办？项目大了感觉注解靠谱些。
这篇接着上篇，把没贴完的代码写完，上篇主要完成了一些公共配置和界面的东西，这篇把后台的代码完成。
首先是web包下属于的control层的类UserController，这相当于Struts中的Action，是重要的类：
package com.tgb.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import com.tgb.entity.User;
import com.tgb.manager.UserManager;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Resource(name="userManager")
private UserManager userManager;
@RequestMapping("/getAllUser")
public String getAllUser(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("userList", userManager.getAllUser());
return "/index";
}
@RequestMapping("/getUser")
public String getUser(String id,HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("user", userManager.getUser(id));
return "/editUser";
}
@RequestMapping("/toAddUser")
public String toAddUser(){
return "/addUser";
}
@RequestMapping("/addUser")
public String addUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request){
userManager.addUser(user);
return "redirect:/user/getAllUser";
}
@RequestMapping("/delUser")
public void delUser(String id,HttpServletResponse response){
String result = "{\"result\":\"error\"}";
if(userManager.delUser(id)){
result = "{\"result\":\"success\"}";
}
response.setContentType("application/json");
try {
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.write(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@RequestMapping("/updateUser")
public String updateUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request){
if(userManager.updateUser(user)){
user = userManager.getUser(user.getId());
request.setAttribute("user", user);
return "redirect:/user/getAllUser";
}else{
return "/error";
}
}
}
然后是属于manager包下的业务逻辑类，接口UserManager：
package com.tgb.manager;
import java.util.List;
import com.tgb.entity.User;
public interface UserManager {
public User getUser(String id);
public List<User> getAllUser();
public void addUser(User user);
public boolean delUser(String id);
public boolean updateUser(User user);
}
实现类UserManagerImpl：
package com.tgb.manager;
import java.util.List;
import com.tgb.dao.UserDao;
import com.tgb.entity.User;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
private UserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
@Override
public User getUser(String id) {
return userDao.getUser(id);
}
@Override
public List<User> getAllUser() {
return userDao.getAllUser();
}
@Override
public void addUser(User user) {
userDao.addUser(user);
}
@Override
public boolean delUser(String id) {
return userDao.delUser(id);
}
@Override
public boolean updateUser(User user) {
return userDao.updateUser(user);
}
}
最后是属于dao包底下的DAO层，主要由Hibernate完成。接口UserDao：
package com.tgb.dao;
import java.util.List;
import com.tgb.entity.User;
public interface UserDao {
public User getUser(String id);
public List<User> getAllUser();
public void addUser(User user);
public boolean delUser(String id);
public boolean updateUser(User user);
}
实现类UserDaoImpl：
package com.tgb.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import com.tgb.entity.User;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
}
@Override
public User getUser(String id) {
String hql = "from User u where u.id=?";
Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
query.setString(0, id);
return (User)query.uniqueResult();
}
@Override
public List<User> getAllUser() {
String hql = "from User";
Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
return query.list();
}
@Override
public void addUser(User user) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
}
@Override
public boolean delUser(String id) {
String hql = "delete User u where u.id = ?";
Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
query.setString(0, id);
return (query.executeUpdate() > 0);
}
@Override
public boolean updateUser(User user) {
String hql = "update User u set u.userName = ?,u.age=? where u.id = ?";
Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
query.setString(0, user.getUserName());
query.setString(1, user.getAge());
query.setString(2, user.getId());
return (query.executeUpdate() > 0);
}
}
最后外加一个配置spring-beans.xml，放在config.spring包下，负责为各层依赖注入需要的对象：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="userDao" class="com.tgb.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userManagerBase" class="com.tgb.manager.UserManagerImpl">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 此处为代理 -->
<bean name="userManager" parent="transactionProxy">
<property name="target" ref="userManagerBase"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
到此为止，所有的配置和代码完成，部署—运行，运行结果如下图：
这个小实例结束，下篇将对SpringMVC和Struts2做一个对比。
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