参考链接：
从一个简单的AIDL实现看binder原理（一）简单的AIDL实现
从一个简单的AIDL实现看binder原理（二）bindService的调用过程
从一个简单的AIDL实现看binder原理（三）bindService调用过程中Binder的传递
从一个简单的AIDL实现看binder原理（四）bindService调用过程中Binder的写入
在上一篇博文中，我们分析到了Android使用Binder进行IPC过程中Binder是怎样一步步写入到内存中准备进行传递的，接下来我们继续分析Binder的跨进程传递
我们都知道，Android内存分为用户态和内核态两部分，用户态内存对于进程来说是彼此独立的，想要进行跨进程调用，只能进行linux的系统调用进入内核态，在内核态中完成跨进程过程，简单的示意如下图：
image.png
而Binder就是为了完成从 用户空间->内核空间->用户空间这一过程而生的。
Binder驱动是Android专用的，但底层的驱动架构与Linux驱动一样。binder驱动在以misc设备进行注册，作为虚拟字符设备，没有直接操作硬件，只是对设备内存的处理。主要是驱动设备的初始化(binder_init)，打开 (binder_open)，映射(binder_mmap)，数据操作(binder_ioctl)。
image.png
用户态的程序调用Kernel层驱动是需要陷入内核态，进行系统调用(syscall)，比如打开Binder驱动方法的调用链为： open-> __open() -> binder_open()。 open()为用户空间的方法，__open()便是系统调用中相应的处理方法，通过查找，对应调用到内核binder驱动的binder_open()方法，至于其他的从用户态陷入内核态的流程也基本一致。
image.png
继续沿着上一篇的 IPCThreadState.cpp->talkWithDriver进行分析：
status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
...
binder_write_read bwr;
const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();
const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
bwr.write_size = outAvail;
bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t)mOut.data();
if (doReceive && needRead) {
//接收数据缓冲区信息的填充。如果以后收到数据，就直接填在mIn中了。
bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t)mIn.data();
} else {
bwr.read_size = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = 0;
}
//当读缓冲和写缓冲都为空，则直接返回
if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
status_t err;
do {
//通过ioctl不停的读写操作，跟Binder Driver进行通信
if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)
err = NO_ERROR;
...
} while (err == -EINTR); //当被中断，则继续执行
...
return err;
}
这里将我们上篇中得到的mOut对象转换为bwr对象并且通过ioctl方法传入内核层，其中ioctl的参数mProcess->mDriverFD就是Binder驱动的文件描述符，在这里，我们正式陷入Binder内核态
调用过程为：
ioctl -> binder_ioctl -> binder_ioctl_write_read：
// binder.c
static int binder_ioctl_write_read(struct file *filp,
unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg,
struct binder_thread *thread)
{
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
struct binder_write_read bwr;
//将用户空间bwr结构体拷贝到内核空间
copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr));
...
if (bwr.write_size > 0) {
//将数据放入目标进程
ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread,
bwr.write_buffer,
bwr.write_size,
&bwr.write_consumed);
...
}
if (bwr.read_size > 0) {
//读取自己队列的数据
ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, bwr.read_buffer,
bwr.read_size,
&bwr.read_consumed,
filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
if (!list_empty(&proc->todo))
wake_up_interruptible(&proc->wait);
...
}
//将内核空间bwr结构体拷贝到用户空间
copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr));
...
}
binder_thread_write:
static int binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc,
struct binder_thread *thread,
binder_uintptr_t binder_buffer, size_t size,
binder_size_t *consumed)
{
uint32_t cmd;
void __user *buffer = (void __user *)(uintptr_t)binder_buffer;
void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
void __user *end = buffer + size;
while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) {
//拷贝用户空间的cmd命令，此时为BC_TRANSACTION
if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr)) -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
switch (cmd) {
case BC_TRANSACTION:
case BC_REPLY: {
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
//拷贝用户空间的binder_transaction_data
if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr))) return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);
binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr, cmd == BC_REPLY);
break;
}
...
}
*consumed = ptr - buffer;
}
return 0;
}
这里最关键的一步就是binder_transaction:
static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
struct binder_thread *thread,
struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply){
//根据各种判定，获取以下信息：
struct binder_thread *target_thread； //目标线程
struct binder_proc *target_proc； //目标进程
struct binder_node *target_node； //目标binder节点
struct list_head *target_list； //目标TODO队列
wait_queue_head_t *target_wait； //目标等待队列
...
//分配两个结构体内存
struct binder_transaction *t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
struct binder_work *tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
//从target_proc分配一块buffer
t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,
for (; offp < off_end; offp++) {
switch (fp->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER: ...
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: ...
case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE: {
struct binder_ref *ref = binder_get_ref(proc, fp->handle,
fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE);
...
//此时运行在Service进程，故ref->node是指向服务所在进程的binder实体，
//而target_proc为请求服务所在的进程，此时并不相等。
if (ref->node->proc == target_proc) {
if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE)
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
else
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER;
fp->binder = ref->node->ptr;
fp->cookie = ref->node->cookie; //BBinder服务的地址
binder_inc_node(ref->node, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER, 0, NULL);
} else {
struct binder_ref *new_ref;
//请求服务所在进程并非服务所在进程，则为请求服务所在进程创建binder_ref
new_ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, ref->node);
fp->binder = 0;
fp->handle = new_ref->desc; //重新赋予handle值
fp->cookie = 0;
binder_inc_ref(new_ref, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE, NULL);
}
} break;
case BINDER_TYPE_FD: ...
}
}
//分别target_list和当前线程TODO队列插入事务
t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);
if (target_wait)
wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);
return;
}
这个过程非常重要，分两种情况来说：
当请求服务的进程与服务属于不同进程，则为请求服务所在进程创建binder_ref对象，指向服务进程中的binder_node;
当请求服务的进程与服务属于同一进程，则不再创建新对象，只是引用计数加1，并且修改type为BINDER_TYPE_BINDER或BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER。
因此，当我们向ActivityManagerService中传递RemoteService的Binder对象时，这里会在AMS进程创建binder_ref对象，指向RemoteService进程中的binder_node;
在binder_transaction执行完毕后，会触发目标进程的binder_thread_read，这里目标进程既是ActivityManagerService进程；
binder_thread_read的实现：
binder_thread_read（...）{
...
//当线程todo队列有数据则执行往下执行；当线程todo队列没有数据，则进入休眠等待状态
ret = wait_event_freezable(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));
...
while (1) {
uint32_t cmd;
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
struct binder_work *w;
struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;
//先从线程todo队列获取事务数据
if (!list_empty(&thread->todo)) {
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
// 线程todo队列没有数据, 则从进程todo对获取事务数据
} else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work) {
...
}
switch (w->type) {
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION:
//获取transaction数据
t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);
break;
case : ...
}
//只有BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION命令才能继续往下执行
if (!t) continue;
if (t->buffer->target_node) {
...
} else {
tr.target.ptr = NULL;
tr.cookie = NULL;
cmd = BR_REPLY; //设置命令为BR_REPLY
}
tr.code = t->code;
tr.flags = t->flags;
tr.sender_euid = t->sender_euid;
if (t->from) {
struct task_struct *sender = t->from->proc->tsk;
//当非oneway的情况下,将调用者进程的pid保存到sender_pid
tr.sender_pid = task_tgid_nr_ns(sender, current->nsproxy->pid_ns);
} else {
...
}
tr.data_size = t->buffer->data_size;
tr.offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size;
tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data +
proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer +
ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size,
sizeof(void *));
//将cmd和数据写回用户空间
put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr);
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr));
ptr += sizeof(tr);
list_del(&t->work.entry);
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
...
} else {
t->buffer->transaction = NULL;
kfree(t); //通信完成则运行释放
}
break;
}
done:
*consumed = ptr - buffer;
if (proc->requested_threads + proc->ready_threads == 0 &&
proc->requested_threads_started < proc->max_threads &&
(thread->looper & (BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_REGISTERED |
BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_ENTERED))) {
proc->requested_threads++;
// 生成BR_SPAWN_LOOPER命令，用于创建新的线程
put_user(BR_SPAWN_LOOPER, (uint32_t __user *)buffer)；
}
return 0;
}
当数据传输时会生成BR_TRANSACTION命令，此时在服务端进程会触发IPCThreadState.cpp的executeCommand方法：
status_t IPCThreadState::executeCommand(int32_t cmd)
{
BBinder* obj;
RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
status_t result = NO_ERROR;
switch ((uint32_t)cmd) {
case BR_TRANSACTION:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
result = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
ALOG_ASSERT(result == NO_ERROR,
"Not enough command data for brTRANSACTION");
if (result != NO_ERROR) break;
Parcel buffer;
buffer.ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t), freeBuffer, this);
const pid_t origPid = mCallingPid;
const uid_t origUid = mCallingUid;
const int32_t origStrictModePolicy = mStrictModePolicy;
const int32_t origTransactionBinderFlags = mLastTransactionBinderFlags;
mCallingPid = tr.sender_pid;
mCallingUid = tr.sender_euid;
mLastTransactionBinderFlags = tr.flags;
//ALOGI(">>>> TRANSACT from pid %d uid %d\n", mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
Parcel reply;
status_t error;
IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BR_TRANSACTION thr " << (void*)pthread_self()
<< " / obj " << tr.target.ptr << " / code "
<< TypeCode(tr.code) << ": " << indent << buffer
<< dedent << endl
<< "Data addr = "
<< reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer)
<< ", offsets addr="
<< reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets) << endl;
}
if (tr.target.ptr) {
// We only have a weak reference on the target object, so we must first try to
// safely acquire a strong reference before doing anything else with it.
if (reinterpret_cast<RefBase::weakref_type*>(
tr.target.ptr)->attemptIncStrong(this)) {
error = reinterpret_cast<BBinder*>(tr.cookie)->transact(tr.code, buffer,
&reply, tr.flags);
reinterpret_cast<BBinder*>(tr.cookie)->decStrong(this);
} else {
error = UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
}
} else {
error = the_context_object->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags);
}
//ALOGI("<<<< TRANSACT from pid %d restore pid %d uid %d\n",
// mCallingPid, origPid, origUid);
if ((tr.flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) {
LOG_ONEWAY("Sending reply to %d!", mCallingPid);
if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);
sendReply(reply, 0);
} else {
LOG_ONEWAY("NOT sending reply to %d!", mCallingPid);
}
mCallingPid = origPid;
mCallingUid = origUid;
mStrictModePolicy = origStrictModePolicy;
mLastTransactionBinderFlags = origTransactionBinderFlags;
IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BC_REPLY thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / obj "
<< tr.target.ptr << ": " << indent << reply << dedent << endl;
}
}
break;
}
这里会解析binder_transaction_data数据，找到目标BBinder并调用其transact()方法，最终会调用到Java层的onTransact方法（在bindService这个案例中，这个onTransact方法就是ActivityMnagerService的onTransact)
从这里开始基本就是binder写入数据的逆序过程
主要的方法：
// Parcel.cpp
sp<IBinder> Parcel::readStrongBinder() const
{
sp<IBinder> val;
unflatten_binder(ProcessState::self(), *this, &val);
return val;
}
status_t unflatten_binder(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
const Parcel& in, sp<IBinder>* out)
{
const flat_binder_object* flat = in.readObject(false);
if (flat) {
switch (flat->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
*out = reinterpret_cast<IBinder*>(flat->cookie);
return finish_unflatten_binder(NULL, *flat, in);
case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:
*out = proc->getStrongProxyForHandle(flat->handle);
//创建BpBinder对象
return finish_unflatten_binder(
static_cast<BpBinder*>(out->get()), *flat, in);
}
}
return BAD_TYPE;
}
//ProcessState.cpp
sp<IBinder> ProcessState::getStrongProxyForHandle(int32_t handle)
{
sp<IBinder> result;
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
//查找handle对应的资源项
handle_entry* e = lookupHandleLocked(handle);
if (e != NULL) {
IBinder* b = e->binder;
if (b == NULL || !e->refs->attemptIncWeak(this)) {
...
//当handle值所对应的IBinder不存在或弱引用无效时，则创建BpBinder对象
b = new BpBinder(handle);
e->binder = b;
if (b) e->refs = b->getWeakRefs();
result = b;
} else {
result.force_set(b);
e->refs->decWeak(this);
}
}
return result;
}
经过调用该方法，最终创建了指向Binder服务端的BpBinder代理对象。经过javaObjectForIBinder将native层BpBinder对象转换为Java层BinderProxy对象。 也就是说在RemoteService进程发送一个Binder对象后，经过层层转化和传递，最终在ActivityMangerService中转化为BinderProxy对象。
当然，我们将RemoteService的对象发送到AMS后，还需要AMS再经过一次IPC过程发送到Activity所在进程，但是因为这次发送的是AMS所持有的BinderProxy对象，这里就不会触发Binder->BinderProxy的转化，最终会调用到ServiceConnection#onServiceConnected方法，将RemoteService的Binder对象的代理发送到了客户端（Activty进程）
以上，就是Binder的传递和转换过程
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