46 What is the common view of mental function?
A. It varies from person toperson.
B. It weakens in one’s later years.
C. It gradually expands with age.
D. It indicates one’s health condition.
答案：B [It weakens in one’s later years]
难度：易
原文：Declining mental function isoften seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain functionactually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.
解析：题干问对mental function（精神状态/功能）的common view（大众看法）是什么样的？
根据顺序原则（即第一题对应原文第一段）以及题干中的mental
function很快可以定位到原文第一段Declining mental function is often
seen as a problem of old age,原文这里的often seen
as对应题干中的common view，所以可以判定答案一定和old age相关，据此排除A和D；再根据but（表示转折）后面说新的研究发现mental function在年轻时代已经慢慢减退，又but前后文内容相反，所以在新的研究出来之前的common view认为“人老的时候，mental function才减退”，所以答案选B (later’s years)
47. What does the new study find about mentalfunction?
A. Some diseases inevitably leadto their decline.
B. They reach a peak at the age of20 for most people.
C. They are closely related tophysical and mental exercise.
D. Some of them begin to decline when people are still
young.
答案：D [Some of them begin to declinewhen people are still young]
难度：易
原文：The study, which followed morethan 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certainmental functions-including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed andpuzzle-solving-started to dull as early as age 27.
解析：根据题干中的new study found以及顺序原则（第二题对应原文第二段）很快可以定位到原文第二段（根据主干和枝干的关系以及标点符号的作用可将第二段简化为）The study found that certain mental functions started to dull as
early as age 27（）,这里也就是这一题的答案句，然后看一下选项，只有D选项是和该句意义最接近的，其他选项在该句找不到任何一句。
48. What does Timothy Salthouse say about
people’s mindsin most cases?
A. They tend to decline in people’s later years.
B. Their flexibility determines
one’s abilities.
C. They function quite well even in old age.
D. Their functioning is still apuzzle to be solved.
答案：C [They function quite well inold age]
难度：易
原文：The results do not mean that
young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years,according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.
解析：题干问Timothy Salthouse对大多数情况下的人的思维说了什么？
根据题干中的人名Timothy Salthouse以及顺序原则可以很快定位到原文第5段的末尾，这个时候一定要坚信答案不跨段，所以往第五段前面看，往前看一句发现原文说Most
people’s minds function at a high level even in their
later years，大多数人的脑子即便到了老年还思维清晰，据此可以判定选C。
49. Although people’s minds may function less flexiblyas they age, they_____
A. may be better at solvingpuzzles
B. can memorize things with morecase
C. may have greater facility inabstract reasoning
D. can put what they have learnt into more effective use
答案：D [can put what they have learntinto more effective use]
难度：易
原文：“These patterns suggest that
some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but
the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with
one’s abilities, may increase throughout all of
adulthood if there are no diseases,”Salthouse said in anews release.
解析：题干问尽管当人老的时候，人的思维可能变得不灵活，但是他们怎么怎么着？
根据题干中的flexibility以及顺序原则，很快可以定位原文第6段These patterns suggest that some types of
mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount
of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s ability…原文这里出现了一个but，全宇宙人都知道but表示转折，而且转折后面是重点，所以答案就在but后面，你不用理解它原文什么意思，抠一下字眼，反正正确答案一定和knowledge，effectiveness of integrating有关，然后看一下选项，只有D里面的effective use。
50. According to Salthouse, their study mayhelp us _________
A. find ways to slow down ourmental decline
B. find ways to boost our memories
C. understand the complex process of mental functioning
D. understand the relation betweenphysical and mental health
答案：C [understand the complexprocess of mental functioning]
难度：易
原文：The findings shed light on
normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding
the process of dementia(痴呆)，accordingto the researchers.
解析：题干问，根据Salthouse，他们的研究可以帮助我们怎么着（干什么？）
因为这是最后一题，所以我们先回原文最后一段定位，尝试找答案。最后一段，上来就是finding，这是我上课的时候给学生补充的关键词，它出现时，后面一般会跟着重要信息，换句话说就是答案。仔细看一下原文，The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental
function，这一句话是主干，在四级阅读中，主干往往包含重要信息，这时候看一下选项ABCD，发现做不出答案，所以必须继续往下读，后面是which could aid in understanding the process of痴呆（which表示某种从句，从句的作用是对前文进行解释和补充），这时候看一下选项，只有C是符合原文这句的。
第二套
Section CPassage 2
Pre-kindergarten
education篇
南京新东方卜银
南京新东方袁静
51. What does the author say aboutpre-kindergarten education?
A. It should cater to the needs ofindividual children.
B. It is essential to a person’s future academic success.
C. Scholars and policymakers have different opinions
about it.
D. Parents regard it as the first
phase of children’sdevelopment.
答案：C
难度：易
原文：But it get complicated. Theconcept has multiple forms, and scholars policymakers argue about the shape,scope, and cost of the ideal program.
解析：题干问关于学前教育，作者说了什么。根据题干中的pre-kindergarten
education以及顺序原则（第一题对应原文第一段），很快定位到原文第一段，但是发现做不出来答案，所以继续往第二段读，第二段开头就是but，因为but表示转折，转折之后是重点，不需要太多理解，反正答案一定和scholars and policymakers有关，看一下选项，只有C同时包含这两个，所以选C
52 What does the new Peabody study find?
A. Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.
B. The third grade marks a newphase of learning.
C. The third grade is critical to
children’sdevelopment.
D. Quality has not been the topconcern of pre-K programs.
答案：A
原文：A new Peabody study of theTennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains arenot sustained through the third grade.
难度：中
解析： 根据题干中的Peabody study以及顺序原则，很快可以定位到原文第四段，原文Peabody study出来之后，以of结构对其进行介绍，但介绍本身不重要，继续往后看到but，but表示转折，转折之后是重点，the
gains are not sustained through the third grade.意思是成果“战斗力不足、不持久”，所以选A。
53. When does the author think pre-K works thebest?
A. When it is accessible to kids of allfamilies
B. When
it is made part of kid’s education
C. When it is no longer considered a luxury.
D. When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids
答案：B
原文：Pre-K is controversial. Some
critics say it is a luxury and shouldn’t be free to families
able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated
with the rest of the child’s schooling. I lean towardthe latter view.
难度：中
解析：题干问，作者认为pre-K学前教育什么时候效果最好？根据顺序原则可以定位到原文第5段，来看一下这一段结构，作者开头就说Pre-K是有争议的，然后给出了两种对立的观点，然后作者表了态，说I lean toward the latter view我倾向于后一个观点，而后一个观点说如果和孩子的学校教育结合的话，Pre-K就会成功，所以答案就应该选B（当Pre-K成为孩子教育的一部分）
54 What do we learn about Mayor Meagan Barry?
A.She knows the real goal of education
B.She is a mayor of insight and vision.
C.She has once run a pre-K program.
D.She is a firm supporter of pre-K.
答案：A
难度：易
原文：This is, in any case, the rightconversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was thefirst candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. This important thingis for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.
解析：根据题干中的人名Mayor Megan Barry可以很快定位到原文第5段，当Mayor Megan Barry出现时，原文对她的身份进行的介绍，介绍本身不重要，所以往后读，This important thing…后面的内容提示我们，答案一定与real
goal有关，看一下选项，只有A对。
55. What does the author think is critical to
kid’s education?
A. Teaching method.
B. Kids’interest.
C. Early intervention
D. Parents’involvement.
答案：A
难度：中
原文：For this purpose, our schoolsneed both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives atthe schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical timewhen young brains are developing rapidly.
根据以上解析，我们清楚的看到，大部分的仔细阅读题，主要还是靠定位，此处附上定位的标准步骤以及仔细阅读的做法：
定位方法
读题干，划出定位词(名词(专名)/人名/引言/关键性动词/原因/三个为佳)，然后按照顺序原则(即第一题对应第一段，以此类推)定位到原文的相应段落，然后精读/分析，后答题。
仔细阅读做法
①先读题，了解题干信息→②划定位词（大写/人名/关键性动词/名词）→③按顺序原则回原文定位，找到区间，答案不跨段，一定在定位区间附近，所以上读读，下读读→④根据区间分析选项→⑤综合运用阅读文章的技巧和排除法
记忆重要的特征词
表递进Also/ still/ besides/ except/ in addition/ additionally/ what’s more/ moreover/ furthermore/ in particular/ particularly/especially/ specially;
表因果because/since/reason/factor/given to/ due to/owing to thanks to/So/therefore/thereby/hence/thus/as a result/ in a word/ finally/ consequently/
表解释that is/that is to say/that means/I mean/in other words
专家Experts/Professor/Researcher/Scientist/artist/psychologist
表转折but / however / yet / nevertheless / on the contrary / whereas
表让步although / though / even if / even though / despite / in spite of
其他特征词Recently/today/be called as/be known as/define/stress/focus/researchindicates/study suggests/found that
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