这是一篇关于Java中的多线程下，让主线程等待子线程执行的几种方法。
https://foreti.me/2018/04/04/java-concurrent-join/
在很多时候, 都需要在主线程中等待所有线程执行完毕, 再进行其他的操作. 在这种情况下, 显然如下的写法是不行的.
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Thread thread = new Thread() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(this.getName() + " start");
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getName() + " end");
}
};
thread.start();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("runtime: " + (end - start));
}
}
这时候的输出是
runtime: 0
Thread-0 start
Thread-0 end
这时候需要阻塞主线程, 让其等待子线程执行完毕, 方法有几种, 下面开始介绍.
准备工作
先创建一个类实现Runnable接口.
public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start");
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " end");
}
}
Thread.join()
等待一个子线程
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
Thread thread = new Thread(runnable, "thread-0");
thread.start();
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("runtime: " + (end - start));
}
}
等待多个子线程
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
Thread thread = new Thread(runnable, "thread-" + i);
thread.start();
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("runtime: " + (end - start));
}
}
输出, 显然是串行执行的5个线程.
thread-0 start
thread-0 end
thread-1 start
thread-1 end
thread-2 start
thread-2 end
thread-3 start
thread-3 end
thread-4 start
thread-4 end
runtime: 25004
如果想异步并发执行多个子线程, 可在循环体外join
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
Thread thread = new Thread(runnable, "thread-" + i);
thread.start();
list.add(thread);
}
try {
for(Thread thread : list) {
thread.join();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("runtime: " + (end - start));
}
}
输出.
thread-1 start
thread-3 start
thread-4 start
thread-0 start
thread-2 start
thread-1 end
thread-3 end
thread-4 end
thread-2 end
thread-0 end
runtime: 5004
由于每个线程都会抢占cpu执行, 执行的顺序是随机的, 所以每次输出都会不同.
CountDownLatch
CountDownLatch是java.util.concurrent下的一个类, 作用是允许一个或多个线程等待其他线程执行完毕.
A synchronization aid that allows one or more threads to wait until a set of operations being performed in other threads completes.
CountDownLatch源码如下.
public class CountDownLatch {
/**
* Synchronization control For CountDownLatch. The details are not
* writted. please read the official docs.
*/
private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {...}
private final Sync sync;
// Constructs a CountDownLatch initialized with the given count.
public CountDownLatch(int count) {
if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
this.sync = new Sync(count);
}
/**
* Causes the current thread to wait until the latch has counted down to
* zero, unless the thread is interrupted.
*/
public void await() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
/**
* Causes the current thread to wait until the latch has counted down to
* zero, unless the thread is interrupted, or the specified waiting time
* elapses.
*/
public boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
/**
* Decrements the count of the latch, releasing all waiting threads if the
* count reaches zero.
*/
public void countDown() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
public long getCount() {
return sync.getCount(); //Returns the current count.
}
public String toString() {
return super.toString() + "[Count = " + sync.getCount() + "]";
}
}
有一个构造器和几个方法, 构造时传参用于定义CountDownLatch大小, 且不可修改. 具体应用时, 每次执行一个线程后, 就countdown()一次. 在所有线程开始执行后, 立即await()等待, 直到所有线程执行完, 再执行await()后的代码段.
使用CountDownLatch实现主线程等待子线程如下.
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(5);
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start");
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
latch.countDown();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " end");
}
} .start();
}
try {
latch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("runtime: " + (end - start));
}
}
输出
Thread-2 start
Thread-3 start
Thread-0 start
Thread-1 start
Thread-4 start
Thread-2 end
Thread-3 end
Thread-0 end
Thread-1 end
Thread-4 end
runtime: 5004
线程池
java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService是java线程池的一个接口, 通过ExecutorService实现主线程等待子线程的方法很多, 比如submit()的返回Future对象判断提交的任务是否执行完, 或者在线程池中使用CountDownLatch, 或者用isTerminated()或awiatTermination(long, TimeUnit)判断线程池shutdown后所有任务是否完成. 具体可以查一下ExecutorService的文档
这里, 讲一个最简单的isTerminated().
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
pool.execute(runnable);
}
pool.shutdown();
while(!pool.isTerminated());
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("runtime: " + (end - start));
}
}
输出
pool-1-thread-4 start
pool-1-thread-2 start
pool-1-thread-3 start
pool-1-thread-5 start
pool-1-thread-1 start
pool-1-thread-5 end
pool-1-thread-4 end
pool-1-thread-2 end
pool-1-thread-1 end
pool-1-thread-3 end
runtime: 5003
或者用awaitTermination(long, TimeUnit)更好, long传一个长整型, TimeUnit传时间单位, 常用的有MILLISECONDS, SECONDS, MINUTES等等, long和TimeUnit组合表示超时时间. 当线程池所有任务执行完,返回true. 未执行完前超时返回false. 如下.
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
pool.execute(runnable);
}
pool.shutdown();
try {
//可以让while循环每2s执行一次, 而不是一直循环消耗性能
while(!pool.awaitTermination(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("runtime: " + (end - start));
}
}
输出
pool-1-thread-2 start
pool-1-thread-5 start
pool-1-thread-1 start
pool-1-thread-4 start
pool-1-thread-3 start
pool-1-thread-2 end
pool-1-thread-5 end
pool-1-thread-1 end
pool-1-thread-3 end
pool-1-thread-4 end
runtime: 5003
最后
CountDownLatch相对于join()来说, 在复杂场景下更能体现出优势. 比如需要主线程在其他线程执行一半或执行到某个阶段时开始, 这种情况是join()没法做到的.
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