一、注解
@SpringBootApplication 注解
@SpringBootApplication 注解实际上是一个组合注解，它由三个注解组合而成，分别是 @SpringBootConfiguration、@EnableAutoConfiguration 和 @ComponentScan
@ComponentScan 注解
@ComponentScan 注解不是 Spring Boot 引入的新注解，而是属于 Spring 容器管理的内容。@ComponentScan 注解就是扫描基于 @Component 等注解所标注的类所在包下的所有需要注入的类，并把相关 Bean 定义批量加载到容器中。
@ComponentScan注解的处理逻辑在Configuration解析时的ConfigurationClassParser中进行处理
#调用栈
doProcessConfigurationClass:281, ConfigurationClassParser (org.springframework.context.annotation)
processConfigurationClass:245, ConfigurationClassParser (org.springframework.context.annotation)
parse:202, ConfigurationClassParser (org.springframework.context.annotation)
parse:170, ConfigurationClassParser (org.springframework.context.annotation)
processConfigBeanDefinitions:331, ConfigurationClassPostProcessor (org.springframework.context.annotation)
postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry:233, ConfigurationClassPostProcessor (org.springframework.context.annotation)
invokeBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors:303, PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate (org.springframework.context.support)
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors:106, PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate (org.springframework.context.support)
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors:739, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support)
refresh:536, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support)
// @ComponentScan注解处理
protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass)
throws IOException {
......
Set<AnnotationAttributes> componentScans = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable(
sourceClass.getMetadata(), ComponentScans.class, ComponentScan.class);
if (!componentScans.isEmpty() &&
!this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) {
for (AnnotationAttributes componentScan : componentScans) {
// The config class is annotated with @ComponentScan -> perform the scan immediately
Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> scannedBeanDefinitions =
this.componentScanParser.parse(componentScan, sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
// Check the set of scanned definitions for any further config classes and parse recursively if needed
for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : scannedBeanDefinitions) {
BeanDefinition bdCand = holder.getBeanDefinition().getOriginatingBeanDefinition();
if (bdCand == null) {
bdCand = holder.getBeanDefinition();
}
if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(bdCand, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
parse(bdCand.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
}
}
}
}
......
}
使用ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner扫描basePackage下的@Component注解类，递归解析成BeanDefinition并通过 BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(definitionHolder, registry) 添加到 DefaultListableBeanFactory - beanDefinitionMap 中(这个时候bean并没有进行实例化，而是进行了注册。具体的实例化在finishBeanFactoryInitialization方法中执行)。
@SpringBootConfiguration 注解
@SpringBootConfiguration 注解比较简单，只是使用了 Spring 中的 @Configuration 注解。@Configuration 注解比较常见，提供了 JavaConfig 配置类实现。具体实现在 ConfigurationClassParser#parse 中，涉及对 @PropertySources、@ComponentScan、@Import、@ImportResource、@Bean、@DeferredImportSelector 注解的处理。
@EnableAutoConfiguration 注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
String[] excludeName() default {};
}
这里我们关注两个新注解，@AutoConfigurationPackage 和 @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
@AutoConfigurationPackage 注解
@AutoConfigurationPackage 注解主要就是引用@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
@Import 注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Import {
Class<?>[] value();
}
在 @Import 注解的属性中可以设置需要引入的类名，例如 @AutoConfigurationPackage 注解上的 @Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)。
private void processImports(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass currentSourceClass,
Collection<SourceClass> importCandidates, boolean checkForCircularImports) {
if (importCandidates.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
if (checkForCircularImports && isChainedImportOnStack(configClass)) {
this.problemReporter.error(new CircularImportProblem(configClass, this.importStack));
}
else {
this.importStack.push(configClass);
try {
for (SourceClass candidate : importCandidates) {
if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) {
// Candidate class is an ImportSelector -> delegate to it to determine imports
Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
ImportSelector selector = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportSelector.class);
ParserStrategyUtils.invokeAwareMethods(
selector, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
if (this.deferredImportSelectors != null && selector instanceof DeferredImportSelector) {
this.deferredImportSelectors.add(
new DeferredImportSelectorHolder(configClass, (DeferredImportSelector) selector));
}
else {
String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
Collection<SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames);
processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, false);
}
}
else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
// Candidate class is an ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
// delegate to it to register additional bean definitions
Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
BeanUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class);
ParserStrategyUtils.invokeAwareMethods(
registrar, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
}
else {
// Candidate class not an ImportSelector or ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
// process it as an @Configuration class
this.importStack.registerImport(
currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass));
}
}
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
}
finally {
this.importStack.pop();
}
}
}
根据该类的不同类型，Spring 容器针对 @Import 注解有以下四种处理方式：
- 如果该类实现了 ImportSelector 接口，调用其 selectImports 方法，返回spring.factories 中配置的类，然后递归调用 processImports 进行处理，最终会被保存在 configurationClasses 中；
- 如果该类实现了 DeferredImportSelector 接口，则 Spring 容器也会实例化该类并调用其 selectImports方法。DeferredImportSelector 继承了 ImportSelector，区别在于DeferredImportSelector 实例先保存在 deferredImportSelectors 中，要等到 @Configuration 注解中相关的业务全部都处理完了才会通过 processDeferredImportSelectors 调用 selectImports 方法；
- 如果该类实现了 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar 接口，会把Metadata 保存importBeanDefinitionRegistrars 中，在解析完Configuration 后通过 this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses)，最后在loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(configClass.getImportBeanDefinitionRegistrars()) 中调用其 registerBeanDefinitions 方法；
- 如果该类没有实现上述三种接口中的任何一个，把这个类当成是@Configuration注解修饰的类递归重头开始解析这个类；
关于注解就到这里，下面重点分析下 @Import 的两个类 AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar 和 AutoConfigurationImportSelector
二、AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
register(registry, new PackageImport(metadata).getPackageName());
}
@Override
public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
return Collections.singleton(new PackageImport(metadata));
}
}
可以看到这个 Registrar 类实现了前面第三种情况中提到的 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar 接口并重写了 registerBeanDefinitions 方法，该方法中调用 AutoConfigurationPackages 自身的 register 方法：
public static void register(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, String... packageNames) {
if (registry.containsBeanDefinition(BEAN)) {
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = registry.getBeanDefinition(BEAN);
ConstructorArgumentValues constructorArguments = beanDefinition
.getConstructorArgumentValues();
constructorArguments.addIndexedArgumentValue(0,
addBasePackages(constructorArguments, packageNames));
}
else {
GenericBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
beanDefinition.setBeanClass(BasePackages.class);
beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue(0,
packageNames);
beanDefinition.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
registry.registerBeanDefinition(BEAN, beanDefinition);
}
}
这个方法的逻辑是先判断整个 Bean 有没有被注册，如果已经注册则获取 Bean 的定义，通过 Bean 获取构造函数的参数并添加参数值；如果没有，则创建一个新的 Bean 的定义，设置 Bean 的类型为 AutoConfigurationPackages 类型并进行 Bean 的注册，最终保存在 DefaultListableBeanFactory 的 beanDefinitionMap / beanDefinitionNames中。
三、AutoConfigurationImportSelector
AutoConfigurationImportSelector 类实现了 @Import 注解第二种情况中的 DeferredImportSelector 接口，所以会执行如下所示的 selectImports 方法：
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
}
AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
//获取 configurations 集合
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
attributes);
configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
}
这段代码的核心是通过 getCandidateConfigurations 方法获取 configurations 集合并进行过滤。getCandidateConfigurations 方法如下所示：
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
"No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
AutoConfigurationImportSelector 所依赖的最关键组件就是 SpringFactoriesLoader。SpringFactoriesLoader 以服务接口命名的文件是放在 META-INF/spring.factories 文件夹下，对应的 Key 为 EnableAutoConfiguration。SpringFactoriesLoader 会查找所有 META-INF/spring.factories 文件夹中的配置文件，并把 Key 为 EnableAutoConfiguration 所对应的配置项通过反射实例化为配置类并加载到容器中。
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
String factoryClassName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
for (String factoryName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) {
result.add(factoryClassName, factoryName.trim());
}
}
}
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
}
以下就是 spring-boot-autoconfigure 工程中所使用的 spring.factories 配置文件片段，可以看到 EnableAutoConfiguration 项中包含了各式各样的配置项，这些配置项在 Spring Boot 启动过程中都能够通过 SpringFactoriesLoader 加载到运行时环境，从而实现自动化配置：
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
…
以上就是 Spring Boot 中基于 @SpringBootApplication 注解实现自动配置的基本过程和原理。当然，@SpringBootApplication 注解也可以基于外部配置文件加载配置信息。基于约定优于配置思想，Spring Boot 在加载外部配置文件的过程中大量使用了默认配置。
---------over---------
网友评论