J.R.R Tolkien
约翰·罗纳德·瑞尔·托尔金
"The Lord of the Rings", one of the best sellers in the new millennium（千禧年）, was made up of three parts: "The Fellowship of the Ring", "The Two Towers", and "The Return of the King".
《指环王》是新千禧年最畅销的小说之一，共有三部：《魔戒现身》、《双塔奇兵》和《王者归来》。
Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition（创作） of the creative mater work.
数以百万计的人用超过25种不同的语言读过这本书，但很少有人知道作者和创意母本创作的历史。
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in South Africa in 1892. His parents died when he was a child.
约翰·罗纳德·瑞尔·托尔金1892年出生于南非。他父母在他小时候就去世了。
Living in England with his aunt, Tolkien and his cousins made up play languages, a hobby that led to Tolkien's becoming skilled in Welsh（威尔士语）, Greek, Gothic（哥特语）, Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon.
托尔金搬到了英国的姑姑家住，他和他的堂兄弟创造了游戏语言，这一爱好使得托尔金精通威尔士语、希腊语、哥特语、古挪威语和盎格鲁-撒克逊语。
After graduating from Oxford, Tolkien served in World War I.
从牛津大学毕业后，托尔金参加了第一次世界大战。
In 1917, while recovering from trench fever（战壕热病）, he began composing the mythology（神话） for The Rings.
1917年，当他从战壕热病中康复后，开始创作《魔戒》。
As a professor of Anglo-Saxon in 1930s at Oxford, Tolkien was part of an informal discussion group called the Inklings, which included several writers.
20世纪30年代，托尔金在牛津大学担任盎格鲁-撒克逊语教授，曾参加过一个名为“迹象文学社”的非正式讨论小组，其中包括几位作家。
The group was soon listening to chapters of Tolkien's imaginative work "The Hobbit（霍比特人）".
他们很快就听了托尔金富有想象力的作品——《霍比特人》。
Hobbit was a name Tolkien created for a local people that could best be described as half-sized members of the English rural class（乡村阶级）. Hobbits live in hillside holes.
霍比特人是托尔金为当地人创造的一个名字，准确描述就是他们是只有一半大的、身材矮小的英国乡村阶级。霍比特人住在山坡上的洞里。
One of them, Bilbo Baggins, looks for treasures with a group of dwarves（矮人）. On the way, he meets the twisted, pitiful creature Gollum, from whom he sees a golden ring that makes the holder invisible（隐身）.
比尔博·巴金斯就是其中之一，他和一群矮人一起寻找宝藏。在路上，他遇到了奇怪卑劣的生物咕噜，他在咕噜身上看到了一枚戒指，它能够让持有者隐形。
One of Tolkien's students persuaded her employer（雇主）, publisher Allen & Unwin, to look at a draft.
托尔金的一个学生说服她的公司，艾伦与昂温出版商，看了一份草稿。
The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwin, thought that the best judge（评判员） for a children's book would be his ten-year-old son.
这家公司的董事长斯坦利·昂温认为，儿童读物的最佳评判员是他十岁的儿子。
The boy earned a shilling（先令） for reporting back that the adventure was exciting, and "The Hobbit" was published in 1937. It sold so well that Unwin asked for a continuation.
这个男孩因反馈这个冒险故事让他很兴奋而赚了一先令。《霍比特人》于1937年出版，且十分畅销，以至于昂温要求写续集。
Over a dozen years later, in 1954, Tolkien produced "The Lord of the Rings", a series of books so creative that they hold readers — new and old — after their publication.
十几年后的1954年，托尔金出版了《指环王》，这是一系列极具创意的书籍。出版后，无论新老读者都为之倾倒。
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