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Java Web 基础 - 监听器

Java Web 基础 - 监听器

作者: 千反田爱瑠爱好者 | 来源:发表于2018-10-10 15:47 被阅读15次
    • 监听器是 Web 应用中由 Servlet 规范定义的一种特殊类,可监听客户端请求与服务端操作(事件发生前后);
    • 常用于统计在线人数、系统启动时加载初始化信息、统计网站访问量等,也可与 Spring 结合;
    • 监听器之间是按在 web.xml 中的注册顺序启动,如同时有监听器、过滤器和 Servlet,则先启动监听器、再启动过滤器,最后才启动 Servlet。

    根据监听的事件划分监听器

    <context-param>
        <param-name>initParam</param-name>
        <param-value>ywh</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.ywh.listener.MyServletContextListener </listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.ywh.listener.MyHttpSessionListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.ywh.listener.MyServletRequestListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.ywh.listener.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.ywh.listener.MyHttpSessionAttributeListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.ywh.listener.MyServletRequestAttributeListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
    

    监听域对象自身的创建销毁事件监听器

    • ServletContextListener
    • HttpSessionListener
    • ServletRequestListener

    ServletContextListener

    监听 ServletContext,可作为定时器或全局属性对象加载(缓存、数据库)。

    MyServletContextListener .java

    public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
    
        public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletcontextevent) {
            String initParam = servletcontextevent.getServletContext().getInitParameter("initParam");
            System.out.println("context initialized : initParam = " + initParam);
        }
    
        public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletcontextevent) {
            System.out.println("context destroyed");
        }
    }
    

    HttpSessionListener

    监听 HttpSession ,在一个 Web 应用中可以有多个 HttpSession 对象、一个 HttpSession 可注册多个 Listener,常用于统计在线人数、记录访问日志。

    MyHttpSessionListener.java

    public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
    
        public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent HttpSessionevent) {
            System.out.println("session created");
        }
    
        public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent HttpSessionevent) {
            System.out.println("session destroyed");
        }
    }
    

    ServletRequestListener

    监听 ServletRequest 对象,一个 ServletRequest 可注册多个 Listener,可用于读取参数、记录访问历史。

    MyServletRequestListener.java

    public class MyServletRequestListener implements ServletRequestListener {
    
        public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletrequestevent) {
            System.out.println("requestDestroyed ");
        }
    
        public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletrequestevent) {
            String name = servletrequestevent.getServletRequest().getParameter("name");    // 获取 URL 中的参数 name
            System.out.println("requestInitialized name:" + name);
        }
    }
    

    监听域对象中的属性增加和删除的事件监听器

    • ServletContextAttributeListener
    • HttpSessionAttributeListener
    • ServletRequestAttributeListener

    其中各有三种操作分别为 attributeAdded、attributeRemoved、attributeReplaced。

    ServletContextAttributeListener

    以创建为例,销毁同理。

    init.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
    <%
        String path = request.getContextPath();
        String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
        request.setAttribute("requestName", "requestValue");
        request.getSession().setAttribute("sessionName", "sessionValue");
        request.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("contextName", "contextValue");
        request.setAttribute("requestName", "requestValue");
        request.removeAttribute("requestName");
    %>
    ...
    
    <body>
        <button onclick="location.href='<%=request.getContextPath()%>/init.jsp';">Init</button>
        <button onclick="location.href='<%=request.getContextPath()%>/destory.jsp';">Destory</button>
    </body>
    

    ServletContextAttributeListener.java

    public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
    
        public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletcontextattributeevent) {
            System.out.println("ServletContext_attributeAdded:" + servletcontextattributeevent.getName());
        }
    
        public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletcontextattributeevent) {
            System.out.println("ServletContext_attributeRemoved:" + servletcontextattributeevent.getName());
        }
    
        public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletcontextattributeevent) {
            System.out.println("ServletContext_attributeReplaced:" + servletcontextattributeevent.getName());
        }
    }
    

    监听绑定到 HttpSession 域中的某个对象的状态的事件监听器

    HttpSession 中的对象状态:

    • 绑定 -> 解绑
    • 钝化(持久化到存储设备) -> 活化(从存储设备加载)

    对应的 Servlet 的监听器规范:

    • HttpSessionBindingListener:绑定(valueBound ),解绑(valueunBound );
    • HttpSessionActivationListener:钝化(sessionWillPassivate ),活化(sessionDidActivate

    Session 钝化机制

    Session 默认是存放在服务器内存中,服务器把不常用的 Session 对象序列化存储(为 XML 文件)、需要使用时再反序列化到内存中,可以节省内存(由服务器自动完成)。

    Tomcat 中的 Session 钝化机制 Tomcat 中的 Session 钝化机制

    注意创建的不是监听器,而是普通的 JavaBean(实现接口),状态指的是 Session 的对象状态(而不是监听器状态)。

    User.java

    public class User implements HttpSessionBindingListener, HttpSessionActivationListener, Serializable {   // 要实现钝化和活化必须实现 Serializable 
        private String username;
        private String password;
    
        public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpsessionbindingevent) {
            System.out.println("valueBound Name:" + httpsessionbindingevent.getName());
        }
    
        public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpsessionbindingevent) {
            System.out.println("valueUnbound Name:" + httpsessionbindingevent.getName());
        }
    
        public String getUsername() { return username; }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }
    
        public String getPassword() { return password; }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; }
        
        // 钝化
        public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent httpsessionevent) {
            System.out.println("sessionWillPassivate " + httpsessionevent.getSource());
        }
    
        // 活化
        public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent httpsessionevent) {
            System.out.println("sessionDidActivate " + httpsessionevent.getSource());
        }
    }
    

    init.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
    <%
        request.getSession().setAttribute("currentUser", new com.imooc.entity.User());
    %>
    

    Servlet 3.0 下监听器的使用

    使用 Servlet 3.0 必须满足:

    • 使用 Servlet 3.0 新标准 JAR 包;
    • JDK 版本必须在 1.6 以上;
    • 编译器的编译级别为 6.0;
    • 在 web.xml 文件中使用 3.0 规范;
    • 使用支持 Servlet 3.0 特性的 Web 容器,比如 Tomcat 7
    监听器注解
    @WebListener("This is My Servlet 3.0 Listener")
    public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
    
        @Override
        public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
            System.out.println("contextDestroyed");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
            System.out.println("contextInitialized");
        }
    }
    

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