美文网首页
Android探索更新UI的方法(一)-更新UI的时机

Android探索更新UI的方法(一)-更新UI的时机

作者: 又尔enter | 来源:发表于2018-04-19 00:07 被阅读0次

    前言

    在前面的文章中,我们讲述了Handler,MessageQueue,Looper三者的关系,从Java层深入到native层。
      1、 Android线程间通信基础——Handler,Looper,MessageQueue

      2、Handler,MessageQueue,Looper源码分析(Native层)

    那么今天我们来讲讲跟Handler相关,在开发中我们经常用的更新UI的几种方式,透析他们的本质是什么?

    主线程更新UI

    这其实没什么可讲的,直接更新,但是你调用更新方法是是立即显示到屏幕上吗?这里我们在onCreate()里面用一个TextView setText()为例,展开流程讲解

    public class FreshUIActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
        TextView mTextView;
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_fresh_ui);
            mTextView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
            mTextView.setText("1123");
        }
    }
    

    进入TextView里面

    private CharSequence mText;
    public final void setText(CharSequence text) {
            setText(text, mBufferType);
    }
    
    public void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type) {
            setText(text, type, true, 0);
    
            if (mCharWrapper != null) {
                mCharWrapper.mChars = null;
            }
    }
    
    private void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type,
                             boolean notifyBefore, int oldlen) {
            .....
            mBufferType = type;
            mText = text;
            .....
            if (mLayout != null) {
                checkForRelayout();
            }
            .....
    }
    

      我们会发现它仅仅是吧text赋值给mText成员变量而已,并没有做真正的显示操作,而且在onCreate()这个时间点,屏幕还没显现我们的内容,这时的mLayout为null,那么真正的显示操作是在什么时候呢?
      我们知道,一个View要显示会经历onMeasure(),onLayout(),onDraw()三个步骤,那么显示肯定是在onDraw()里面,果然我们找到了mText的踪影:

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            restartMarqueeIfNeeded();
    
            // Draw the background for this view
            super.onDraw(canvas);
            .....
            //绘制背景,图片等其他操作
            .....
            Path highlight = getUpdatedHighlightPath();
            if (mEditor != null) {
                mEditor.onDraw(canvas, layout, highlight, mHighlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical);
            } else {
                layout.draw(canvas, highlight, mHighlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical);
            }
            .....
    }
    

    进入getUpdatedHighlightPath();

    private Path getUpdatedHighlightPath() {
            Path highlight = null;
            Paint highlightPaint = mHighlightPaint;
    
            final int selStart = getSelectionStart();
            final int selEnd = getSelectionEnd();
            if (mMovement != null && (isFocused() || isPressed()) && selStart >= 0) {
                if (selStart == selEnd) {
                    if (mEditor != null && mEditor.isCursorVisible()
                            && (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - mEditor.mShowCursor)
                            % (2 * Editor.BLINK) < Editor.BLINK) {
                        if (mHighlightPathBogus) {
                            if (mHighlightPath == null) mHighlightPath = new Path();
                            mHighlightPath.reset();
                            //mText,找到了
                            mLayout.getCursorPath(selStart, mHighlightPath, mText);
                            mEditor.updateCursorsPositions();
                            mHighlightPathBogus = false;
                        }
    
                        // XXX should pass to skin instead of drawing directly
                        highlightPaint.setColor(mCurTextColor);
                        highlightPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
                        highlight = mHighlightPath;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (mHighlightPathBogus) {
                        if (mHighlightPath == null) mHighlightPath = new Path();
                        mHighlightPath.reset();
                        mLayout.getSelectionPath(selStart, selEnd, mHighlightPath);
                        mHighlightPathBogus = false;
                    }
    
                    // XXX should pass to skin instead of drawing directly
                    highlightPaint.setColor(mHighlightColor);
                    highlightPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
    
                    highlight = mHighlightPath;
                }
            }
            return highlight;
    }
    

    mLayout.getCursorPath(selStart, mHighlightPath, mText);这个方法绘制文字的路径,然后在onDraw()才绘制到屏幕上。

    子线程更新

    我们加入以下代码,在子线程更新UI

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
            super.onPostResume();
            new Thread(){
                @Override
                public void run() {
                  mTextView.setText("1123");
                }
            }.start();
    }
    

    发现也能更新UI,不是说子线程不能更新UI吗,其实这时候画面还没真正完全显示到屏幕上,你会发现这是mLayout还是为null,所以也仅仅是赋值给mText而已。
    假如我们让线程阻塞2秒呢?

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
            super.onPostResume();
            new Thread(){
                @Override
                public void run() {
                        try {
                                Thread.sleep(2000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        mTextView.setText("1123");
                }
            }.start();
    }
    
    android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.
    

    这个错误很熟悉吧,不能在子线程更新UI,那么为什么会这样呢,这是我们断点跟进源码发现mLayout不为空了,所以会调用checkForRelayout();

    private void checkForRelayout() {
            ....
            requestLayout();
            invalidate();
            ....
    }
    

    这两行代码是不是很熟悉,我们经常在自定义View的时候是不是经常用?它会调用View的requestLayout()

    public void requestLayout() {
            if (mParent != null && !mParent.isLayoutRequested()) {
                   mParent.requestLayout();
            }
    }
    

      这个mParent其实就是ViewRootImpl,我们在启动Activity是,会经过ActivityThread的handleLaunchActivity->handleResumeActivity->performResumeActivity,performResumeActivity会回调Activity的performResume()方法,然后会通过Instrumentation回调onResume(),这表明onResume()回调时其实View还没显示到屏幕上,所以子线程也能更新UI。
      那么现在我们看回来handleResumeActivity方法,执行完performResumeActivity方法回调了onResume方法后,会来到这一块代码:

    r.activity.mVisibleFromServer = true;
    mNumVisibleActivities++;
    if (r.activity.mVisibleFromClient) {
            r.activity.makeVisible();
    }
    

    接着进入Activity的makeVisible()

    Activity.java
    void makeVisible() {
            if (!mWindowAdded) {
                ViewManager wm = getWindowManager();
                wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes());
                mWindowAdded = true;
            }
            mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }
    
    WindowManagerImpl.java
    @Override
        public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
            applyDefaultToken(params);
            mGlobal.addView(view, params, mContext.getDisplay(), mParentWindow);
        }
    
    WindowManagerGlobal.java
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
                Display display, Window parentWindow) {
            .....
    
            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
    
                view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
    
                mViews.add(view);
                mRoots.add(root);
                mParams.add(wparams);
    
                // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
                try {
                    root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
                } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                    // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
                    if (index >= 0) {
                        removeViewLocked(index, true);
                    }
                    throw e;
                }
            .....
    }
    

    这里调用了ViewRootImpl的setView方法,这里面会把view通过IWindowSession 传递到WMS,再绘制到屏幕上,关于WMS,Window的原理我们之后再讲

    
    public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) {
            ...
             view.assignParent(this);
            ...
    }
    

    它会把自己复制给mParent,几把ViewRootImpl给View的mParent,这就证实了前面的操作,所以它就是调用了ViewRootImpl的requestLayout()方法,

    @Override
        public void requestLayout() {
            if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
                checkThread();
                mLayoutRequested = true;
                scheduleTraversals();
            }
        }
    
    void checkThread() {
            if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {
                throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException(
                        "Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");
            }
        }
    

    这下是不是很明朗了?经历了这么多,到最后才检查线程是不是UI线程,如果不是,将会抛出异常。注意mThread实在ViewRootImpl的构造函数时候赋值的,而ViewRootImpl是在ActivityThraed里初始化的,即主线程

    时序图

    UML时序图 .png

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:Android探索更新UI的方法(一)-更新UI的时机

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/ixobkftx.html