1. spiral
noun: ashapemade up ofcurves, each one above orwiderthan the one before螺旋形
This year'sdownwardspiral ofhousepriceshasdepressedthemarket.
verb：tomovein a spiral
With onewingdamaged, themodelairplanespiralleddownwards.
adj：螺旋形的：a spiral galaxy 漩涡星系
形近词：spiracle通气孔
2. be worried by 被...所困扰
be worried about 为...担忧
3. most notably by: 尤其受...
notably近义词：especially, in particular
4. seperate from and independent of
在讲到时间和空间独立的时候，用到了两组短语强调
Time was completely separate from and independent of space
5. unambiguous
adv:expressedin a way that makes itcompletelyclearwhat ismeant: 非常清晰的
they believed that one could unambiguously measure the interval of time between two events
词形变化:
ambiguous: 含糊不清的
6. eclipse
noun: That's when the sun, earth or moon cross paths and cover each other up temporarily.日食月食 引申为黯然失色
OnWednesdaythere will be atotal/partialeclipse of thesun.周三将有一次日全／偏食
The eclipseoftherulingpoliticalpartywasinevitable.执政党大势已去，无可挽回。
verb: cause an eclipse of (a celestial body) by intervention掩饰天体的光芒；be greater in significance than光芒盖过...; 淹没...的重要性
Themoonwill betotallyeclipsed at 12.10 p.m.晚上12点10分会出现月全食。
Theeconomyhas eclipsed all otherissuesduring thiselectioncampaign.
这次大选期间，经济问题成为压倒一切的重大议题。
同义词：occult, overshadow, dominate
易混淆: ellipse：椭圆
7. crest
noun: thetoporhighestpartof something such as awaveor ahill
wave crest 波峰
8. infrared
adj: infrared light is a type of light that feels warm but cannot be seen 红外线
9. ultraviolet
Ultravioletlighthas awavelengththat is after theviolet(=lightpurple)end of therangeofcoloursthat can beseenbyhumans. Light of thistypecausestheskintobecomedarkerin thesun. 紫外线
10. hitherto
until now or until a particular time迄今为止
If you find ahithertoundiscovered hidden tunnel in your cellar, you're the first to discover it.
11. patent
noun: Apatentis a government document that proves that an invention is yours and yours alone.
adj: very obvious
verb: obtain a patent for; grant rights to; grant a patent for
12. postulate
verb: Assume something or present it as a fact and youpostulateit 假设 假定
noun: (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning 假设, 假定
13. cesium
cesium clock铯原子钟
铯
14. platinum
铂，白金
15. convenient
adj:suitableforyourpurposesandneedsandcausingthe leastdifficulty方便的，便利的，省事的
near or easy to get to or use: 近的，容易得到的，好用的
a very convenient bus service
16. light-second
光秒，光行走一秒的距离
17. millionth
noun: position 1,000,000 in a countable series of things第一百万
the factory has sold its millionth car
one of a million equal parts of something 百万分之一 a millionth of a second
18. geodesic
noun: (mathematics) the shortest line between two points on a mathematically defined surface (as a straight line on a plane or an arc of a great circle on a sphere) 测量,测地
19. elongated
adj: longer and thinner than usual 拉长的，细长的
a rather elongated orbit
20. hail
Hailis when chunks of ice fall from the sky. Also, tohailsomeone is to greet them or say good things about them. Or it can be a way to tell people of your homeland, as in: "Ihailfrom the Moon."
21. reconciliation
Reconciliationis the act of getting two things to be compatible with one another. You might have areconciliationwith a former enemy, or your mom might call for areconciliationbetween your spending habits and your diminishing bank account.
和解
22. ionic
In chemistry, anionic bondis a connection between two ions with opposite charges. When a positive and a negative ion form a chemical bond, it's anionic bond.
离子的
23. paradox悖论
24. arena竞技场
单词补充：
1 date back to追溯到
2 be to be at rest: 是静止的意思，比如：The earth seems to be at rest,but in fact it rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun.地球好像是不动的，但实际上，它绕轴自传并围绕太阳运行。
be at rest 在休息
3 it followed that... 因此，于是得出这样的结果了，是很好的承上启下的连接句
4 传统观点tradition，传统观点也认为可以用hold这个动词
5 no one until sb, 可以翻译成sb是第一个怎么样的人
6 it is said that承上启下，如果直接说Galileo demonstrated that有些生硬，加上这句就暗含了上面的实验表明的意思
7 比萨斜塔 the Leaning Tower of Pisa
8 let go of 释放，很形象
if you let go of a ball on a slope that drops by one meter for every ten meters you go along, ... 斜度的表示
9 a lead weight: 吊锤
10 做实验：perform /conduct/carry out ... experiment
11 作用act on: In Galileo’s experiments, as a body rolled down the slope it was always acted on by the same force (its weight)...
12 this showed that ..., rather than ..., as was previously thought.
13 be proportional to 与...成比例的
14 the acceleration is twice as great if the force is twice as great.
15 The acceleration is also smaller the greater the mass of the body.
16 a body of twice the mass； half the acceleration
17 the laws would still hold. 定律仍然成立
18 our apparently commonsense notions 我们的常识观念
19 Nevertheless, Roemer’s achievement, in not only proving that light travels at a finite speed, but also in measuring that speed,was remarkable – coming as it did eleven years before Newton’s publication ofPrincipia Mathematica
句子结构很值得分析，coming as可以翻译成要知道
20 on account of the mass of the sun: on account of 考虑到
21 block out： the sun's light is blocked by the moon
22 be in progress: the First World War was in progress
23 it was not until 1919 that...
24 with the advent of
25 be of considerable practical importance
26 put an end to/get rid of
思维导图：
读后感：
文章讲述了人们认识时空的过程，从最开始认为时间和空间是绝对独立的，到最后认为时间和空间不独立并相互影响。给我印象最深的观点是，爱因斯坦认为引力是由质量大的物理对时空的弯曲造成的，所以我们虽然看着物体的运动是曲线的，但是在时空四维空间中，它是沿着最短距离运动的。物体总是会想办法沿着最短的距离运动。我的思维突然飘出去了，那么对于特定的人，是不是总能想办法找到适合自己的最好的最有效率的学习方式，学习某些知识困难是因为没有找对方法，所以找对方法了，get新技能就是分分钟的事情了？
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