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类的结构分析

类的结构分析

作者: Bel李玉 | 来源:发表于2020-09-13 14:06 被阅读0次

    在本篇文章中,我们一起来探索类的结构

    分析

    runtime中我们可以通过object_getClass方法获取实例对象类信息

         LYPerson *person = [[LYPerson alloc] init];
         Class p = object_getClass(person)
    

    我们来看下 Class的实现

    typedef struct objc_class *Class;
    
    struct objc_class : objc_object {
        // Class ISA; // 1
        Class superclass;   // 2
        cache_t cache;             // formerly cache pointer and vtable
        class_data_bits_t bits;    // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags
    
        class_rw_t *data() const { //3
            return bits.data();
        }
    }
    
    • 1,继承自 objc_object默认都会有 isa指针。
    • 2,superclass:其父类信息。
    • 3, class_rw_t: 类的具体分析。

    从 对objc_class整体的探索我们可以看到,类对象的第一部分由 isa指针组成。我们先来分析isa指向的问题

    isa指向

    在之前的文章 isa结构分析 一文中,我们分析了 isa指针的结构组成。如果对其结构不熟悉,可以进行查看。
    我们先初始化一个实例对象person, person继承于 NSObject:

         LYPerson *person = [[LYPerson alloc] init];
    

    1,我们先查看下实例对象person内存分布

    (lldb) x/4gx person // 1 打印类的内存分布
    0x10061eca0: 0x001d8001000021b9 0x0000000000000000
    0x10061ecb0: 0x646e6946534e5b2d 0x466e726574746150
    

    2,通过ISA_MASK获取类信息

    (lldb)  p/x 0x00007ffffffffff8ULL & 0x001d8001000021b9 // 获取类信息
    (unsigned long long) $2 = 0x00000001000021b8
    
    (lldb) po 0x00000001000021b8 // 打印类信息
    LYPerson
    

    ⚠️我们可以看到 实例对象person的isa指针指向 LYPerson

    3,我们直接查看LYPerson.class的内存分布来进行验证

    (lldb) x 0x00000001000021b8 // 查看类信息的内存分布
    0x1000021b8: e0 21 00 00 01 00 00 00 40 11 3f 00 01 00 00 00  .!......@.?.....
    0x1000021c8: 20 f4 61 00 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 10 80 01 00   .a.............
    
    (lldb) x LYPerson.class //直接查看 `LYPerson.class`的内存分布
    0x1000021b8: e0 21 00 00 01 00 00 00 40 11 3f 00 01 00 00 00  .!......@.?.....
    0x1000021c8: 20 f4 61 00 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 10 80 01 00   .a.............
    

    我们可以看出 它们两个的内存空间是一样的,这就说明了实例对象的isa指向 类对象(Class)
    4,我们继续查看LYPerson类对象的内存分布

    (lldb)  x/4gx LYPerson.class // 1,获取 Person的类信息
    0x1000021b8: 0x00000001000021e0 0x00000001003f1140
    0x1000021c8: 0x00000001014261b0 0x000680100000000f
    

    我们可以看出 类对象的isa指向另一个类
    5,通过ISA_MASK得到类对象的指向

    (lldb) p/x 0x00000001000021e0 & 0x00007ffffffffff8ULL // 2,与上ISA_Mask得到类信息,
    // 得到类对象的isa,就得到类对象的指向元类
    (unsigned long long) $12 = 0x00000001000021e0
    

    ⚠️ 这样我们就看出 类对象的isa指向元类
    6,查看 元类的内存分布,我们可以发现,元类也是一个类,也有isa

    (lldb) x/4gx 0x00000001000021e0 // 3,查看元类的内存分布
    0x1000021e0: 0x00000001003f10f0 0x00000001003f10f0
    0x1000021f0: 0x000000010061f460 0x0005e03100000007
    

    紧接着我们看下元类对象指向哪个类

    (lldb) p/x 0x00000001003f10f0 & 0x00007ffffffffff8ULL // 查看 元类的指向
    (unsigned long long) $13 = 0x00000001003f10f0
    
    (lldb) po 0x00000001003f10f0 // 查看 元类 isa指向的类信息值
    NSObject
    

    ⚠️ 原来,person对象的元类isa指向 NSObject

    7,我们接着查看NSObject内存分布

    (lldb) x/4gx 0x00000001003f10f0 // 查看 NSObjec 的内存分布
    0x1003f10f0: 0x00000001003f10f0 0x00000001003f1140
    0x1003f1100: 0x0000000101406a80 0x0004e03100000007
    

    ⚠️ NSObjecisa指向NSObjec本身

    小结
    • 实例对象isa 指向 类对象类对象isa指向 元类对象元类对象isa指向 NSObject, NSObjectisa指向NSObject本身。
    • isa代表一种归属关系,实例对象归属类对象,类对象归属元类对象元类对象的归属是 NSObjec, 元类定义创建都是由编译器自动创建的

    类的继承关系

    我们新建一个LYTeacher类,LYPerson类 继承 于 LYTeacher

    int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
        @autoreleasepool {
            LYPerson *person = [[LYPerson alloc] init];
            LYTeacher *teacher = [[LYTeacher alloc] init];
            NSObject *obj = [[NSObject alloc] init];
            NSLog(@"%@", person.superclass);
            NSLog(@"%@", teacher.superclass);
            NSLog(@"%@", obj.superclass);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    

    其输出结果如下

    2020-09-13 14:19:49.968665+0800 001[74326:2492359] LYTeacher
    2020-09-13 14:19:49.969259+0800 001[74326:2492359] NSObject
    2020-09-13 14:19:49.969316+0800 001[74326:2492359] (null)
    

    我们可以看到 实例对象person父类LYTeacher类对象实例对象teacher父类NSObject类对象实例对象obj父类nil
    ⚠️OC对象的继承关系源于类,实例对象是没有继承关系的

    综上所述,isa的指向类对象的继承可概括为下图

    isa流程图.png

    class_rw_t

    属性的存储

    在文章的开头部分,我们分析了 objc_class的整体结构,包含8字节的isa8字节的superclass16字节的cache。接下来我们分析propertymethod是存在哪里的?
    1,我们给LYPerson类新增一个name ,height属性和 -(void)sayHello方法

    @interface LYPerson : NSObject
    {
        NSInteger height;
    }
    @property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
    @property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *nickName;
    
    -(void)sayHello;
    +(void)say666;
    
    @end
    
    @implementation LYPerson
    -(void)sayHello{
        NSLog(@"hello");
    }
    
    +(void)say666 {
        NSLog(@"6666");
    }
    @end
    

    2,新建LYPerson类,并打印其类对象内存地址

    (lldb) p/x LYPerson.class
    (Class) $0 = 0x0000000100002338 LYPerson
    

    3,class_data_bits_t bits属性在结构体内偏移32位置存放(0~7: isa8~15superclass16 ~ 31: cache),我们通过首地址 + 偏移值得到 bits的值。

    (lldb) p/x 0x0000000100002338 + 0x20 // 1
    (long) $2 = 0x0000000100002358
    
    (lldb) p (class_data_bits_t *)$2 // 2
    (class_data_bits_t *) $3 = 0x0000000100002358
    
    (lldb) p *$3 // 3
    (class_data_bits_t) $4 = (bits = 4301859572)
    
    • 1,计算 class_data_bits_t bits的实际地址值。
    • 2,输出 bits
    • 3,读取内存值。

    4,获取 class_rw_t *data()的值

    (lldb) p $4.data()
    (class_rw_t *) $6 = 0x0000000100692af0
    
    (lldb) p *$6
    (class_rw_t) $7 = {
      flags = 2148007936
      witness = 0
      ro_or_rw_ext = {
        std::__1::atomic<unsigned long> = 4294975792
      }
      firstSubclass = nil
      nextSiblingClass = NSUUID
    }
    

    5,从 class_rw_t 中获取 properties

    (lldb) p $7.properties()
    (const property_array_t) $8 = {
      list_array_tt<property_t, property_list_t> = {
         = {
          list = 0x0000000100002278
          arrayAndFlag = 4294976120
        }
      }
    }
    

    6,获取list数组

    (lldb) p $8.list
    (property_list_t *const) $9 = 0x0000000100002278
    

    7,读取 list数组里面的值

    (lldb) p *$9
    (property_list_t) $10 = {
      entsize_list_tt<property_t, property_list_t, 0> = {
        entsizeAndFlags = 16
        count = 2 // 1
        first = (name = "name", attributes = "T@\"NSString\",C,N,V_name")
      }
    }
    
    • 1,count = 2:表示一共有2个属性。

    8,我们依次获取属性值

    (lldb) p $10.get(0) // 1
    (property_t) $11 = (name = "name", attributes = "T@\"NSString\",C,N,V_name")
    (lldb) p $10.get(1) // 2
    (property_t) $12 = (name = "nickName", attributes = "T@\"NSString\",C,N,V_nickName")
    (lldb) p $10.get(2) //3
    Assertion failed: (i < count), function get, file /Users/ritamashin/Desktop/可编译objc源码/runtime/objc-runtime-new.h, line 438.
    error: Execution was interrupted, reason: signal SIGABRT.
    The process has been returned to the state before expression evaluation.
    
    • 1,2, :依次读取第一个属性和第二个属性。
    • 3,当读取第3个属性时,数组越界报错,但我们在类里面定义了 2个属性和1个成员变量成员变量去哪里了???
    成员变量的存储

    我们对源码进行分析,在class_ro_t中有const ivar_list_t * ivars,我们通过 class_rw_t找到 class_ro_t,然后对 ivars 进行查看。

    (lldb) p $7.ro() \\ 1
    (const class_ro_t *) $26 = 0x0000000100002130
    
    • 1,$7 是 class_rw_t结构体,调用ro()方法,得到 class_ro_t对象。
    (lldb) p $26->ivars  \\1
    (const ivar_list_t *const) $28 = 0x0000000100002210
    (lldb) p $28 
    (const ivar_list_t *const) $28 = 0x0000000100002210
    (lldb) p *$28 \\2
    (const ivar_list_t) $29 = {
      entsize_list_tt<ivar_t, ivar_list_t, 0> = {
        entsizeAndFlags = 32
        count = 3
        first = {
          offset = 0x00000001000022a8
          name = 0x0000000100000f2d "height"
          type = 0x0000000100000f87 "q"
          alignment_raw = 3
          size = 8
        }
      }
    }
    
    • 得到ivars的值,得到ivars_list对象。
    (lldb) p $29.get(0)
    (ivar_t) $30 = {
      offset = 0x00000001000022a8
      name = 0x0000000100000f2d "height"
      type = 0x0000000100000f87 "q"
      alignment_raw = 3
      size = 8
    }
    (lldb) p $29.get(1)
    (ivar_t) $31 = {
      offset = 0x00000001000022b0
      name = 0x0000000100000f34 "_name"
      type = 0x0000000100000f89 "@\"NSString\""
      alignment_raw = 3
      size = 8
    }
    (lldb) p $29.get(2)
    (ivar_t) $32 = {
      offset = 0x00000001000022b8
      name = 0x0000000100000f3a "_nickName"
      type = 0x0000000100000f89 "@\"NSString\""
      alignment_raw = 3
      size = 8
    }
    (lldb) p $29.get(3)
    Assertion failed: (i < count), function get, file /Users/ritamashin/Desktop/可编译objc源码/runtime/objc-runtime-new.h, line 438.
    error: Execution was interrupted, reason: signal SIGABRT.
    The process has been returned to the state before expression evaluation.
    
    • 依次读取 ivar_list的值,其值依次为height,_name,_nickName
    小计

    由此我们可以得出,属性存放在 properties里面,成员变量@property属性生成的成员变量都存放在 ivars里面。

    Methods

    实例方法 (instance method)

    9,获取 该类的方法列表

    (lldb) p $7.methods()
    (const method_array_t) $13 = {
      list_array_tt<method_t, method_list_t> = {
         = {
          list = 0x0000000100002178
          arrayAndFlag = 4294975864
        }
      }
    }
    

    10,获取 method list

    (lldb) p $13.list
    (method_list_t *const) $14 = 0x0000000100002178
    (lldb) p *$14
    (method_list_t) $15 = {
      entsize_list_tt<method_t, method_list_t, 3> = {
        entsizeAndFlags = 26
        count = 6
        first = {
          name = "sayHello"
          types = 0x0000000100000f7f "v16@0:8"
          imp = 0x0000000100000d10 (KCObjc`-[LYPerson sayHello])
        }
      }
    }
    

    11,依次获取method list里面的值

    (lldb) p $15.get(0)
    (method_t) $16 = { 
      name = "sayHello" // 1
      types = 0x0000000100000f7f "v16@0:8"
      imp = 0x0000000100000d10 (KCObjc`-[LYPerson sayHello])
    }
    (lldb) p $15.get(1) 
    (method_t) $17 = { 
      name = ".cxx_destruct" // 2
      types = 0x0000000100000f7f "v16@0:8"
      imp = 0x0000000100000d40 (KCObjc`-[LYPerson .cxx_destruct])
    }
    (lldb) p $15.get(2) 
    (method_t) $18 = {
      name = "name" // 3
      types = 0x0000000100000f95 "@16@0:8"
      imp = 0x0000000100000d80 (KCObjc`-[LYPerson name])
    }
    (lldb) p $15.get(3)
    (method_t) $19 = {
      name = "setName:" // 4
      types = 0x0000000100000f9d "v24@0:8@16"
      imp = 0x0000000100000db0 (KCObjc`-[LYPerson setName:])
    }
    (lldb) p $15.get(4)
    (method_t) $20 = {
      name = "setNickName:" //5
      types = 0x0000000100000f9d "v24@0:8@16"
      imp = 0x0000000100000e10 (KCObjc`-[LYPerson setNickName:])
    }
    (lldb) p $15.get(5)
    (method_t) $21 = {
      name = "nickName" //6
      types = 0x0000000100000f95 "@16@0:8"
      imp = 0x0000000100000de0 (KCObjc`-[LYPerson nickName])
    }
    (lldb) p $15.get(6) // 7
    Assertion failed: (i < count), function get, file /Users/ritamashin/Desktop/可编译objc源码/runtime/objc-runtime-new.h, line 438.
    error: Execution was interrupted, reason: signal SIGABRT.
    The process has been returned to the state before expression evaluation.
    
    • 1,实例方法 sayHello
    • 2,类的析构方法。
    • 3,name属性的get方法。
    • 4,name属性的set方法。
    • 5,nickNameset方法。
    • 6,nickNameget方法。
    • 7,当我们试图查找 类方法 say666时,造成了数组越界报错了。

    我们在 method_list里面只找到了对象的实例方法,那类方法存在哪里呢?

    在文章的第一部分我们提到 isa代表一种归属关系,实例对象归属类对象,类对象归属元类对象元类对象的归属是 NSObject。类对象里面存放了实例方法,那我们试着在 元类对象里面去查找类方法

    类方法(class method)
    (lldb) p/x LYPerson.class \\ 1
    (Class) $0 = 0x0000000100002338 LYPerson
    (lldb) x/4gx 0x0000000100002338 \\2
    0x100002338: 0x0000000100002310 0x00000001003f0140
    0x100002348: 0x00000001003ea450 0x0000802c00000000
    
    • 1,输出 LYPerson类对象的首地址。
    • 2,查看 LYPerson类对象内存分布,得到LYPerson类对象的元类地址 0x0000000100002310
    (lldb) p/x 0x0000000100002310 + 0x20 // 1
    (long) $1 = 0x0000000100002330
    (lldb) p (class_data_bits_t *)$1 
    (class_data_bits_t *) $2 = 0x0000000100002330
    
    • 1,获取 class_data_bits_t的首地址
    (lldb) p $2-> data() \\1
    (class_rw_t *) $3 = 0x00000001010180f0
    (lldb) p $3.methods() \\2
    (const method_array_t) $4 = {
      list_array_tt<method_t, method_list_t> = {
         = {
          list = 0x0000000100002110
          arrayAndFlag = 4294975760
        }
      }
    }
      Fix-it applied, fixed expression was: 
        $3->methods()
    
    • 1,得到 class_rw_t对象。
    • 2,获得其 methods
    (lldb) p $4.list \\1
    (method_list_t *const) $5 = 0x0000000100002110
    (lldb) p *$5 
    (method_list_t) $6 = {
      entsize_list_tt<method_t, method_list_t, 3> = {
        entsizeAndFlags = 26
        count = 1
        first = {
          name = "say666"
          types = 0x0000000100000f7f "v16@0:8"
          imp = 0x0000000100000ce0 (KCObjc`+[LYPerson say666])
        }
      }
    }
    
    • 1,得到 method_list_t对象
    (lldb) p $6.get(0)
    (method_t) $7 = {
      name = "say666"
      types = 0x0000000100000f7f "v16@0:8"
      imp = 0x0000000100000ce0 (KCObjc`+[LYPerson say666])
    }
    (lldb) p $6.get(1)
    Assertion failed: (i < count), function get, file /Users/ritamashin/Desktop/可编译objc源码/runtime/objc-runtime-new.h, line 438.
    error: Execution was interrupted, reason: signal SIGABRT.
    The process has been returned to the state before expression evaluation.
    
    • 依次获取method_list里面的值,我们可以看到 类方法存在于元类对象的method_list里面。

    小计:在这里我们从class_rw_t中找到了,LYPerson类对象里面的方法列表属性列表成员变量ivars。从此可见,类对象包含了isa指针superClass类对象,属性列表方法列表实例方法存在类对象的method_list里面,类方法存在元类的method_list里面

    总结:

    我们在这篇文章中,我们探讨了 isa指针的指向对象之间的继承关系类对象的组成结构

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