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常用的前后缀

常用的前后缀

作者: 我的资讯圈 | 来源:发表于2018-04-25 09:25 被阅读22次

    一.表示否定的前缀

    1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。

    disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)

    2.in-加在形容词,名词之前

    incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)

    3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前

    impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)

    4.il-加在以1开头的词前

    illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)

    5.ir-加在以r开头的词前

    irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)

    6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前

    unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)

    7.non-加在形容词,名词前

    non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)

    8.mis-加在动词、名词之前

    misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)

    9.dis-加地动词之前

    disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)

    10.de-加在名词,形容词之前

    demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白)

    11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前

    anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药)

    12.counter-加在名词、动词前

    counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)

    二.表示“前before”的前缀

    1.pre-

    preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言)

    2.Ante-

    anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)

    3.Fore-

    forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)

    4.Pro-

    programme(计划),prologue(序幕)

    5.Ex-

    ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)

    三.表示“后-post”的前缀

    1.post-

    post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午)

    四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀

    1.Hypo-

    Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐

    2.Infra-

    Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的)

    3.Sub-

    Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)

    五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀

    1.Re-

    Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回)

    2.Retro-

    Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)

    六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀

    1.Co-

    co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)

    七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀

    1.Inter-

    Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往)

    八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀

    1.Ec-

    Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)

    2.Extra-

    Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的)

    九.表示“超过”的前缀

    1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-

    hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的)

    十.其它的前缀

    1.auto-自

    automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传)

    2.mal-坏,恶

    Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)

    3.Micro-

    Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机)

    4.Tele-远

    Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)

    5.Demi-,semi-hemi-

    Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)

    6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)

    Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服)

    7.Bi-,di-二

    Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)

    8.Tri-三

    Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架)

    9.Multi-多

    multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的)

    10.Poly –多

    Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)

    11.Arch-首领

    archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师)

    12.bene-善,好

    benefit(利益),benevolence(善意)

    13.homo-同

    homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)

    14.neo新

    neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)

    15.ortho-正确,直

    orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)

    16.philo-挚爱

    philosopher(哲学家)

    17.proto-原始

    protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)

    18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的

    pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义)

    19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自

    avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引)

    20.Apo-,aph-来自

    apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)

    21.se-分离

    separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)

    22.para-防

    parachute(降落伞),

    23.omni-所有的,公共的

    omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能)

    24.pan-全,泛

    Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)

    25.panto-全

    pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)

    26.dia-通过,借以

    diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)

    27.Per-通过,彻底,不利

    perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的

    28.trans-通过,横过

    transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),trxnsparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植)

    29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全

    comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)

    30.syn-共同

    synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)

    31.meta-和,在……之后

    metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学)

    32.Cis-在这一边

    cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)

    33.pen-几乎,相近

    peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的, 形成半岛的)

    34.en-,em-往……里,使……

    encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))

    35.intro内在

    intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的)

    36.intro-到……中

    introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)

    37.dys-坏

    dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)

    38.Eu-优,美好

    eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音)

    39.ambi-,amphi-两者

    amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)

    40.penta-五

    pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)

    41.sex-六

    sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)

    42. sept-七

    September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)

    43.hepta-七

    heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)

    44.octa-,octo,oct八

    octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October (十月)

    45.nona-,ennea-九

    nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)

    46.deci-,deca-十

    decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)

    47.centi-百

    centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)

    48.milli-千

    millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米)

    49.Kilo-千

    kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)

    后缀

    1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor

    2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet

    3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette

    4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress

    5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood

    6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship

    7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful

    8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation

    9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement

    10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal

    11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage

    12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability

    13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism

    二、动词后缀

    常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

    1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify

    2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten

    3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate

    三、形容词后缀:

    常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

    1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful

    2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless

    3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly

    4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like

    5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish

    6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome

    7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible

    8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped

    9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical

    10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory

    11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious

    12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic

    13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive

    四、副词后缀

    常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

    1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)

    例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely

    2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)

    3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as

    far as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise

    有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting

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