1 实际案例

1.1 访问百度

# 引入Requests库
import requests
# 发起GET请求
r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
# 查看响应类型  requests.models.Response
print(type(r))
# 输出状态码  200
print(r.status_code)
# 输出响应内容类型  str
print(type(r.text))
# 输出响应内容
print(r.text)
# 输出cookies
print(r.cookies)

1.2 各种请求方式

import requests
# 发起POST请求
requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')
# 发起PUT请求
requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')
# 发起DELETE请求
requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
# 发送HEAD请求
requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
# 发送OPTION请求
requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')

2 GET请求

2.1 无参数的GET请求

import requests
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(response.text)

2.2 带参数的GET请求

2.2.1 访问url携带参数

import requests
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=jyx&age=18')
print(response.text)

2.2.2 请求体包含参数

import requests
# GET请求参数
param = {'name': 'ide', 'city': 'New York'}
# 传递参数params
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',params=param)
print(response.text)

3 POST请求

3.1 发送表单形式的数据

import requests
# POST请求参数
param = {'name': 'ide', 'city': 'New York'}
# 传递参数params
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=param)
print(response.text)

3.2 发送Json数据

import json
import requests
# POST请求参数
param = {'name': 'ide', 'city': 'New York'}
# 传递参数params，并格式化为json数据
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=json.dumps(param))
print(response.text)

3.3 发送文件数据

如果需要向网站发送图片、文档等，需要使用files参数

import requests
# POST请求参数
file ={'file': open('default.png', 'rb')}
# 传递参数files
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', files=file)
print(response.text)

4.设置headers

import requests

# 设置User-Agent浏览器信息
headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36",
}
# 设置请求头信息
response = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/question/37787004',headers=headers)
print(response.text)

5.响应属性

import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com/')
# 获取响应状态码
print(type(response.status_code),response.status_code)
# 获取响应头信息
print(type(response.headers),response.headers)
# 获取响应头中的cookies
print(type(response.cookies),response.cookies)
# 获取访问的url
print(type(response.url),response.url)
# 获取访问的历史记录
print(type(response.history),response.history)

6 设置代理

6.1 普通代理

import requests

proxies = {
    "http": "http://127.0.0.1:9743",
    "https": "https://127.0.0.1:9743",
}
# 往请求中设置代理(proxies
)
response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies)
print(response.status_code)

6.2 需要认证的代理

import requests

proxies = {
    "http": "http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9743/",
}
response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies)
print(response.status_code)